断根培土对花生衰老特性及产量的影响

Effects of Root-cutting and Earth-up on Senescence Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

为探索不同栽培方式对花生衰老特性及产量的影响,丰富花生高产栽培理论和技术,笔者在大田覆膜栽培条件下,研究了断根、培土和断根培土3个处理对花生衰老特性及产量的影响。研究结果表明:培土处理提高了花生功能叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,有时达显著水平;断根处理在处理初期造成花生功能叶SOD、POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量降低以及MDA含量升高,之后通过补偿效应提高了花生功能叶SOD、POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA含量,表现为先抑制后促进的作用。断根培土处理则综合了断根处理和培土处理的优点,表现出正向叠加效应。3个处理均显著提高了花生荚果产量、百仁重、百果重和有效果数,其中断根培土处理提高幅度最大。该试验明确了花生适宜的高产栽培技术,为花生栽培提供了理论支持与技术指导。

A field experiment under mulching was conducted to study the effects of three treatments（root-cutting, earth-up, root-cutting and earth-up） on the senescence characteristics and yield of peanut and enrichthe theoretical and technical basis for peanut cultivation. The results showed that earth-up treatment increasedSOD and POD activities and the content of soluble protein in functional leaf, decreased MDA content andsometimes to a significant level. Root-cutting treatment decreased first and then increased the activities ofSOD and POD and soluble protein content and decreased MDA content by compensation effect, which showedthe effect of first inhibition and then improvement. Root-cutting and earth-up treatment had the advantages ofboth root-cutting treatment and earth-up treatment, which showed superimposed effect. The treatment of root-cutting, earth-up and root-cutting and earth-up all significantly increased pod yield, 100-kernel weight, 100-pod weight and valid pods. Root-cutting and earth-up treatment had the greatest increasing range among thetreatments. This study clarified suitable cultivation techniques for high yield, and provided theoretical supportand technical guidance for peanut cultivation.