墨西哥湾溢油事件中底层环境抗争的社会学分析

A Sociological Analysis of Environmental Protests from Subaltern Society against Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico

墨西哥湾溢油事件的处置进程表明,美国应对环境问题具有"三大法宝":一是《油污法》《清洁水法》等法律为应急处理和事后赔偿提供了法律保证;二是政府对BP公司的强硬态度;三是民众强烈的环保意识。尽管如此,美国底层环境抗争依然存在不可忽视的问题:一是环境法规的固有缺陷,二是企业生产缺乏严格的监督管理,三是环境污染存在受害者结构化问题。中国应该借鉴美国的溢油处理机制,有效治理国内出现的海洋溢油污染问题,并积极应对由此引发的环境抗争。

The disposal process of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico shows that United States possesses 'three magic methods' in response to environmental issues.First of all,laws including 'The Oil Pollution Act','The Clean Water Act' and so forth in American provide a legal guarantee for emergency treatment and post-event compensation.For another,the American government takes a tough stance against the BP Company.At last,the American people show a strong environmental consciousness.Despite all this,environmental protests from subaltern society in America still have problems which can not be ignored.For instance,the environmental legislation has its inherent defects; the manufacturing process of enterprises lacks strict supervision and management; the environment pollution contains structural problems of the victim.what we should do is to draw lessons from American oil spilling treatment mechanism to effectively deal with domestic marine oil pollution and to actively cope with ensuing environmental protests.