一种由接收端发起的无线传感器网络MAC协议

New MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Initiated by Receiver

在无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks,WSN)中,现有的基于接收节点发起的异步MAC层协议,在计算接收节点唤醒时刻时,多采用维持邻居节点的伪随机唤醒时间表的方法。在网络动态负载条件下,此方法不能动态地改变节点唤醒间隔,从而带来较高的数据传输冲突率及较大的数据传输延时。为了解决此问题,本文提出一种新协议HELD-MAC(High energy efficiency and low delay MAC),保证节点之间具有不同的唤醒时间,同时能够准确预测接收端唤醒时刻,而且接收端可以根据网络负载情况动态改变唤醒间隔。同时为了减轻能量黑洞问题,协议根据节点的剩余能量,自适应地改变节点的最小唤醒间隔。通过仿真对HELD-MAC进行评估,与RI-MAC,PW-MAC等对比,在数据传输延时、能量消耗、网络吞吐量和传输碰撞方面具有较大优势。

In wireless sensor networks （WSN）, the existing receiver-initiated MAC protocol based on asynchronous duty cycling, is almost using pseudo-random wakeup schedule of neighbor nodes, in predicting the receiving node wakeup time. In dynamic load conditions in the network, this method cannot change the wakeup interval of node dynamically, thus leading to higher data conflict rates while transmitting and larger data transmission delay. To solve this problem, the paper presents high energy efficiency and low delay MAC （HELD-MAC）, a new protocol that can ensure a different wakeup time between the nodes and predicate the wakeup time of receiving node accurately. The protocol can change the wakeup interval of node dynamically according to the load conditions. Meanwhile, in order to alleviate the prob- lem of energy hole, the protocol can adaptively change the lowest node wakeup interval according to the residual energy of the node. The simulation show that, the HELD-MAC protocol has obvious advantages in the performance of data transmission delay, power consumption, network throughput and transmission collision, compared with RI-MAC and PW-MAC protocols.