男性海洛因与甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求及影响因素分析

Psychological craving and its influence factors in male heroin and methamphetamine addicts

目的:探讨男性海洛因和甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况量表(包含人口学信息和毒品使用情况)、药物渴求问卷对住院戒毒的男性海洛因依赖者(海洛因组,157例)及甲基苯丙胺依赖者(甲基苯丙胺组,140例)进行调查和分析。结果:甲基苯丙胺组戒毒时长明显长于海洛因组[(15.61±6.32)d vs(13.85±6.02)d,P<0.05];协方差分析显示,甲基苯丙胺组渴求总分及毒品影响和渴求频率分明显高于海洛因组[(38.96±5.64)vs(36.89±8.03),(19.27±3.98)vs(18.05±5.04),(13.79±3.15)vs(12.55±4.24);P均<0.05];多元逐步回归分析结果显示,使用毒品时间、频率、种类及就业状况(β=0.261,0.230,0.190,-0.125)进入方程(P均<0.05)。结论:男性甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求水平高于海洛因依赖者;心理渴求程度与使用毒品时间、频率、吸食毒品种类及就业状况等因素有关。

Objective： To investigate the psychological craving and its influence factors in male heroin and methamphetamine addicts. Method：One hundred and fifty-seven male inpatients with heroin addicted （heroin group） and 140 male inpatients with methamphetamine addicted （methamphetamine group） were investigated by general situation scale （including informations of demography and drug use situation） and drug craving questionnaire. Results：The rehabilitation time in the methamphetamine group was obviously longer than the heroin group[ （15.61 ± 6.32）d vs （13.85 ± 6.02）d,P 〈 0.05 ]. Covariance analysis showed that the total score of drug craving and the scores of effects of drug and drug longing frequency in the methamphetamine group were significantly higher than those in the heroin group [ （38.96 ± 5.64） vs （36.89 ±8.03 ）, （ 19.27 ± 3.98 ） vs （ 18.05 ±5.04）, （ 13.79 ± 3.15） vs （ 12.55 ± 4.24） ; all P 〈 0. 05 ]. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that drug use time, frequency of use, types of drugs and the employment situation were entered the regression equation （β=0.261,0.230,0. 190, -0. 125;all P 〈0.05）. Conclusion：Psychological desire level of methamphetamine addicts in male methamphetamine addicts are higher than heroin addicts. Psychological craving degree is correlated with drug use time, frequency, types of drugs and employment, etc.