相相对论性天文参考系研究进展

Progresses in Researches of Relativistic Astronomical Reference Systems

国际天文联合会(IAU)在2000年的决议上以两个互相等价的相对论N体多参考系理论——Brumberg-Kopeikin体系和Damour-Soffel-Xu体系为基础,构造了严格且自洽的一阶后牛顿(1PN)的局部参考系和全局参考系,并给出了相应的坐标变换规则。回顾了IAU2000决议关于参考系理论的核心内容,并指出该参考系理论的主要优点和理论不足。结合决议发表前后国际上对相对论参考系理论的一系列扩展研究,详细总结了在二阶后牛顿推广、参数后牛顿化以及太阳系非孤立引力系统等方面对参考系理论的研究进展,并讨论了未来的理论研究发展以及对实际天体测量的影响。

The International Astronomical Union （IAU） released an important resolution about the relativistic astronomical reference systems at the year of 2000. The resolution based on two equivalent theories of multi-reference systems of relativistic N-body system： Brumberg-Kopeikin formalism and Damour-Soffel-Xu formalism, constructed theoretically rigorous and consistent local reference system and global reference system with first order post-Newtonian （1PN） level, and gave out the coordinate-transformation rules between the two reference systems. This review summarizes key contents of the IAU2000 reference sys- tems, and points out main advantages and theoretical weakness of this theory. Before and after the publication of the IAU2000 resolution, there are a lot of researches on the relativistic astronomical reference systems. We discuss in details about the theoretical progresses of the relativistic reference systems in the second order post-Newtonian approximation, parameter- ized post-Newtonian formalism, and treating the solar system as a non-isolated gravitational system in the Universe. Furthermore we also discuss prospects of theoretical researches in the future and influences to practical Astrometry.