黔东低山区油茶林菜复合经营及品种模式选择研究

Selection of planting mode and vegetable variety for tea-vegetable compound planting in the low mountain areas in East Guizhou

以研究油茶幼林期林下果蔬复合种植配套技术为目的,通过林下果蔬套种对比试验和效果分析比较,集成和完善油茶幼林复合种植配套技术,优化遴选油茶林菜复合种植品种模式,提出推广品种及组合生产应用的建议。试验结果表明,合理开展林下种植对油茶林地土壤改良、幼林林分的生长和油茶早实都有积极促进作用;对于种植地块选择"适地适菜",充分考虑土层厚度、坡度、岩性、土壤类型、交通运输和水源灌溉等条件;综合分析种植果蔬品种的生产适应性、黔东低山区(铜仁等)的气候特点及当地农事习俗,选择8个单季种植品种("一年一熟"品种)可供推广种植,包括作为秋、冬季节品种的白菜、豌豆和作为春、夏季节品种的辣椒、西瓜、甜瓜、黄豆、花生、黄花;在水肥和耕作管理条件好的地块可种植两季,推广4个"一年两熟"的品种组合模式,即采用"[(早辣椒或茄子)+(秋冬白菜或春甘蓝)]、[(西瓜或甜瓜)+春甘蓝]、[(毛豆+秋白菜]、[花生+豌豆]"。

For the purpose of researching fruit and vegetable compound planting techniques under young forest of Camellia oleifera, through contrast test and effects analysis of interplanting of fruits and vegetables, we integrated and improved the compound planting techniques, optimized the planting mode, and proposed suggestions on the promotion varieties and production application. The monitoring results showed that, compound planting had strong positive effects on the amelioration of woodland soil, the growth of young forest and the growth of early fruits of Ca- mellia oleifera. When selecting planting varieties, we should give full consideration to the soil layer thickness, slope, lithology, soil types and the conditions of transportation and irrigation. Considering the adaptability of fruit and vege- table varieties, the climate characteristics of Tongren and the local farming habits, we chose 8 one-harvest-a-year va- rieties, including Chinese cabbage and pea as autumn and winter varieties, chili pepper, watermelon, muskmelon, soybean,peanut and day-lily as spring and summer varieties. We also provided 4 two-harvest-a-year compound planting modes in good-conditioned plots：early pepper / eggplant ＋ Chinese cabbage / spring cabbage, watermelon / muskmelon ＋ spring cabbage, soybean ＋ autumn cabbage, peanut ＋ pea.