经济地理格局差异性背景下的公益林生态补偿模式初探——以贵州省江口县为例

Ecological compensation mode of public welfare forest under different economic geography patterns: a case study on Jiangkou,Guizhou

现阶段我国森林生态效益补偿仅仅是以国家财政补偿为主导,资金来源渠道和补偿方式单一,经济地理格局的差异性导致的补偿标准地区间差距的存在,使得少数民族聚居地区及经济发展落后地区的林农对林木保护的情绪极其消极。统计分析江口县三大公益林区调查问卷,根据林农的需求,探索性地建立"市场主导—政府干预—林业搭台—部门唱戏—社会参与"的间接补偿模式,旨在加强间接补偿的力度,弱化政府直接支付补偿,提高林农的自我发展能力,使林农的收入增加并且来源多元化,逐步降低他们对于政府直接支付补偿的依赖性,从根本上实现由"被动输血"式补偿向"主动造血"式补偿的转变,实现公益林区经济、社会、生态可持续发展的目的。

At present, China＇ s forest benefit compensation is dominated by national financial compensation,and the fun-ding channels and compensation mode are not diversified enough. Differences in economic geography patterns have led tothe existence of regional gaps of compensation standards, which has resulted in the farmers＇ negative reactions towardforest protection in minority areas and less developed areas. In this paper, we analyzed the survey on the three public wel-fare forest areas in Jiangkou County, and based on the farmers＇ needs,we attempted to establish an indirect compensationmode of ＂ market leading-government intervening-forestry bureau executing-society participating ＂, which aimed atincreasing indirect compensation, reducing direct governmental compensation, improving the self-development ability of thefarmers, increasing and diversifying the farmers＇ income, and reducing the farmers＇ dependency on governmental compen-sation. With the transformation from ＂passive blood transfusion＂ compensation mode to ＂active hematopoiesis＂ compensa-tion mode, the economic, social and ecological sustainable development of the public welfare forest would be achieved.