基于ABAQUS的低速货车车架动强度及碰撞分析

Dynamic Strength and Collision Analysis of Low-speed Truck Frame Based on ABAQUS

为提高低速货车在满载和碰撞工况下的安全性能,利用三维软件SolidWorks对某130型低速货车车架(主要承载部件)进行三维实体建模,采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行动强度和碰撞模拟分析。结果表明:该型车架在满载工况下,应力主要集中在纵梁与板簧的接触点附近,最大应力值为322 MPa,低于车架材料的屈服极限值(350 MPa),但安全系数较低。车架在低速碰撞过程中应力主要集中于保险杠、下侧梁和中横梁等处,应力最高值为368 MPa。车架保险杠与刚性墙接触面积最大,其碰撞变形量也最大,为3.98 mm。研究结果可为车架结构的进一步改进设计提供参考依据。

In order to improve the safety performance of low-speed truck in full load and collision condition, 3D solid model of the frame with a 130 low-speed truck was set up using 3D software Solidworks, and the dynamic strength and collision simulation analysis was done using finite element software ABAQUS. The results showed that the stress mainly concentrated near the contact point between longitudinal beam and plate spring and the maximum stress value was 322 MPa when the type of frame was in full load condition. It was less than the yield limit value of frame material （350 MPa） and the safety coefficient was lower. The stress of frame during a low-speed collision was mainly concentrated on bumper, side beam and middle cross beam, and the maximal stress was 368 MPa. Since the contact area between frame bumper and rigid wall was the biggest, the collision deformation was also biggest, which was 3.98 mm. The results can provide reference for the further improvement design of the frame structure.