从著作权法适用的角度谈对网络实时转播行为的规制

Regulations on Network Real-Time Transmission from the Perspective of Copyright Law Application

对于网络实时转播行为的著作权法规制,在实践中存在较大分歧。相关分歧可归纳为两方面:其一,录像制作者权以及广播组织权能否规制网络实时转播行为;其二,网络实时转播行为属于广播权的调整范围,还是属于著作权人享有的"其他权利"的调整范围。在现行著作权法体系下,录像制作者权以及广播组织权均无法规制网络实时转播行为,只能通过作品的著作权进行规制。对于网络直播视听节目的实时转播行为,应适用兜底权利条款进行调整。对于初始传播方式为广播的视听节目的实时转播行为,存在两种规制方案,一是将网络实时转播纳入广播权的控制范围;二是同样适用兜底权利条款进行调整。上述方案均有一定合理性,但从便于实践操作以及统一裁判标准的角度,当前宜采用第二种方案,即对网络实时转播他人作品的行为均适用兜底权利条款进行调整。

There is great disparity regarding the regulation of network real-time transmission by copyright law. Relevant viewpoints can be summarized as the following two aspects： First, whether the rights of broadcast organizations and audiovisual producers can regulate the network real-time transmission; Second, does the network real-time transmission fall into the scope of the broadcast right or fall into the scope of ＂other rights＂ as enjoyed by copyright owners. This paper holds that under the current copyright law framework, neither the right of audiovisual producers nor the right of broadcast organization can regulate the network real-time transmission; whereas the behavior can only be regulated by copyright. The general provisions should regulate the real-time transmission of network broadcast audiovisual programs. There are two ways to regulate the realtime transmission of audiovisual programs initially disseminated by broadcast： one is incorporating the real-time transmission into the scope of broadcast right; the other is to use the general provisions. Both measures have a certain degree of rationality, however, considering the convenience in practice and the uniformity in judicial standard, the paper recommends the second option, i.e. using the general provision to regulate the real-time transmission of audiovisual programs on the network.