117例亲属肾移植供者术后生活质量调查及多因素分析

Survey of quality of life in 117 living donor kidney transplant pa- tients： multivariate analysis in single center

目的探讨亲属肾移植供者术后生活质量及相关影响因素，为提高供者术后生命质量提供参考依据。方法运用横断面调查研究方法以统一印制的调查表对本中心2006—2008年所实施的117例亲属。肾移植供者术后实施问卷调查，并以同期健康人群作为对照组。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、手术并发症、经济状况、对亲属活体肾移植知晓状况、家庭支持情况、医疗保障及社会福利、术后日常锻炼等，以中文版SF-36量表测定生活质量。以t检验、方差分析和逐步回归对每一种影响因素进行分析。结果亲属肾移植供者心理健康高于健康人群（P〈0．05）；生活质量总分及其他各维度评分与健康人群比较，差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。单因素分析时，年龄、文化程度、经济状况、体育锻炼等4种因素与生活质量的多个领域均有关系。进一步多因素分析，在排除了各因素之间的相互影响后，对供者术后生活质量的主要影响因素分别是文化程度、经济状况、体育锻炼（P〈0．05）。结论术前应从社会心理等多角度对供者进行严格筛选，良好的社会心理背景、必要的心理指导及术后定期随访是保障供者术后良好生活质量的关键。

Objective To evaluate the postoperative quality of life of donors in living donor renal transplantation patients. Methods One hundred and seventeen donors were involved in present study from 2006-2008. A cross- sectional survey was performed with questionnaire research to all the donors who received living donor nephrectomy during this period. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, smgieal complications, economic status, donors awareness status, family support, the health care, social welfare and daily exercise after surgery. The Chinese version of SF-36 was used as the measurement of quality of life. The statistic analyze include T test, a- nalysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis. Results The donors＇ mental health status was better than the healthy population （P 〈 0.05）. The difference of quality of life and scores of other dimensions compared with the healthy population was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. In univariate analysis, four kinds of fields such as age, education level, economic status and physical exercise were associated with quality of life. In further multivari- ate analysis, with exclusion of the interaction between various factors, the main factors for postoperative quality of life are the cultural, economic status and physical activity （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Social and psychological fac- tor should be concerned in donor＇s preoperative screening. Good social psychological background, the necessary psychological intervention and postoperative follow-up maybe play an important role to improve the postoperative quality of life in living donor renal transplantation.