正畸牙移动中的潜在新角色:牙周膜肌成纤维细胞

A Potential New Star in Orthodontic Tooth Movement:Myofibroblasts in Periodontal Ligament

肌成纤维细胞(myofibroblasts,MFb)是一种具有出色的应力敏感性和基质合成功能的细胞,在纤维性疾病和瘢痕挛缩中发挥重要作用。在口腔医学领域,MFb同样存在于牙周膜中,且在牙移动过程中显著增多并可能发挥一定作用。现对MFb的特征、功能及分化来源进行介绍,并在此基础上综述肌成纤维细胞发挥功能的生物学基础和应力刺激下可能影响其分化形成的相关信号通路及串话,分析MFb在传递正畸力、促进牙周组织改建中的潜在作用及牙移动过程中可能影响牙周膜肌成纤维细胞分化形成的机制,以期为探索牙周膜肌成纤维细胞的功能、研究正畸牙移动提供新思路。

Myofibroblasts, which have excellent stress sensitivity and matrix synthesis, play an important role in fibrotic diseases and scar contraeture. This type of fibroblasts also exists in periodontal ligament and shows a significant increase during tooth movement, which probably performs vital functions in periodontal tissue remodeling. Here, the features, functions, sources of differentiation of myofibroblasts were introduced, and the biological basis for myofibroblast functions, and signaling pathways and their crosstalk related to mechanical stimulation, were summarized. Based on those characteristics, it showed that myofibroblasts may play a role in orthodontic force transmission and periodontal tissue remodeling, and that tooth movement may influence the differentiation of myofibroblasts in periodontal ligament. It is expected that new thoughts could be brought to the studies on functional mechanism of myofibroblasts and orthodontic tooth movement.