上海市宝山区儿童过敏性皮肤病调查及相关因素分析

Epidemiology of children allergic dermatosis and correlative factors analysis in Shanghai Baoshan district

目的 调查上海市宝山区儿童过敏性皮肤病患病情况,并探讨患病的相关影响因素。方法 对上海市宝山区4 004名6~15岁的中小学生进行过敏性皮肤病患病情况及其可能相关影响因素的问卷调查,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果 本次调查中,上海市宝山区6~15岁中小学生过敏性皮肤病的患病率为29.22%,其中湿疹患病率为12.89%,特应性皮炎患病率为3.22%,荨麻疹患病率为6.72%,其他过敏性皮肤病患病率为6.39%。多因素分析显示,婴幼儿时期母乳喂养时间越长越不易患过敏性皮肤病;剖宫产出生的儿童与顺产儿童相比,早产和过期产儿童与足月产儿童相比,更易患过敏性皮肤病;有家族过敏史、3年内家庭有装修史的儿童更易患过敏性皮肤病;家庭收入越高越易患过敏性皮肤病。结论 年龄、出生情况、母亲生产方式、母乳喂养时间、家庭收入、三年内家庭有装修史及家族过敏史等因素为被调查儿童过敏性皮肤病患病的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of children allergic dermatosis in Shanghai Baoshang district and discuss related influencing factors. Methods The study was conducted in 4 004 students aged 6 to 15 years old from primary and middle schools in Shanghai Baoshang district. Questionnaires were distributed for children＇s general information, family history of allergic diseases, residential environment, etc. The dates were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The total cumulative prevalence rate of childen allergic dermatosis was 29.22%, eczema prevalence rate was 12.89%, atopic dermatitis prevalence rate was 3.22%, urticaria prevalence rate was 6.72%, and other allergic dermatosis prevalence rate was 6.39%. Multi-factor analysis showed that the longer breast feeding in infancy, the less suffering from allergic dermatosis. The children born by cesarean section compared with the children with birth, and the premature and expired children compared with full-term children were more likely to suffer from allergic dennatosis. The children who have the family history of allergic diseases, and the home decoration history in 3 years were more likely to suffer from allergic dermatosis. The children with higher family income were more likely to suffer from allergic dcrmatosis. Conclusion The age, born condition, mother＇s way of childbirth, breast feeding time, family income, home decoration in 3 years and family allergic disease history are the influence factors of children allergic dermatosis.