先进吸收式制冷循环构建理论及其应用研究

Fundamentals and Applications for Creating an Advanced Absorption Refrigeration Cycle

该研究提出了制冷能力的新概念,并将其用于吸收式制冷循环性能的分析及其新循环的构建。针对中低温大温降余热利用不充分的技术难题,该报告创建了一种结构形式简单、能高效利用该类热源的先进吸收式制冷循环,理论研究结果显示,在所研究的工况范围内,新循环单位质量热源流体的制冷量比传统单效循环高20%以上。针对低温余热难以高效利用的技术难题,该报告通过合理利用或者改变溶液的现实扩散制冷能力,根据不同工况的需求,分别构建了3个新的先进吸收式制冷循环。理论研究表明:新构建的循环比传统循环具有更高的效率。针对中温余热难以高效利用的技术难题,该报告分别构建了两个1.x效吸收式制冷循环。理论研究表明,在所研究工况范围内,新提出的1.x效吸收式制冷循环的COP比传统单效循环可以提高20%左右。为了验证所提出的新循环及其所采用的理论模型,该课题设计并搭建了1.x效吸收式制冷循环实验装置。实验研究表明,当蒸发温度为5℃、吸收温度和冷凝温度为40℃、发生温度为135.3℃的时候,新循环的COP比传统单效循环的COP提高20%左右,当发生温度为127℃、冷凝温度和吸收温度为40℃、蒸发温度为10℃时,新循环的COP能达到1左右,比传统单效循环COP高30%左右,从而在实验上验证了新循环具有比传统循环高得多的效率。

Considering the characteristic of the process of the cooling, this report proposes a new concept named after cooling availability. And it is used to analyze the absorption refrigeration cycles and construct advanced absorption refrigeration cycles. For the technical problem of that the waste heat with large temperature glide at medium--low temperature are not made full use, a new advanced absorption refrigeration cycle whith simple structure is constructed in this report. Simulation results show that the cooling consuming per unit mass of the heating fluid of the new cycle is always 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle. For the technical problem of that it is difficult to make efficient use of the waste heat at low temperature, this report constructs three new advanced absorption refrigeration cycles based on cooling availability analysis method.The simulation results show that the performance of the new cycles are better than that of conventional cycles at most simulated working conditions. For the technical problem of that it is difficult to make efficient use of the waste heat at medium temperature, this report constructs two 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycles. The simulation results show that the COP of the 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycles is 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle at some simulated working conditions. To validate the performance of the proposed new cycles and theory model used in this report, an experimental system of a 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycle is designed and built, which is one type of 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycle. The experimental research shows that, when evaporation temperature is 5℃, absorption temperature and condensation temperature are 40 ℃, if the generation temperature reaches to 135.3℃, the COP of the new cycle is about 0.9 and 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle, when generation temperature is 127 ℃, absorption temperature and condensation temperature are 40 ℃, if the evaporation temperature reaches to 10 ℃, the COP of the ejector--absorption combined refrigeration system is about 1 and 30% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle. Then the performance of the constructed new cycles being better than that of conventional cycle is proved by experiment.