抗旱节水材料与制剂2014年度进展报告

2014 Progress Report of Research in Drought Resistance Products

课题实施至今,系统开展了功能型保水制剂、土壤表面覆盖材料、不同类型植物源抗旱节水制剂原材料筛选、性能优化及应用效果验证;农田水分转化过程、不同处理作物秸秆还田效应、有机无机复合土壤扩蓄增容材料研发及生物发酵废弃物的土壤结构改良等方面的研究。其中,生物质无环境负荷型保水制剂吸水倍率达100以上,释水效率达85%以上;磷钾赋肥保水功能新材料养分持续释放能力增加10~20倍,成本降低20%~35%;新型气孔免疫植物蒸腾抑制剂的蒸腾抑制率35%以上;研制出有机无机复合型土壤扩蓄增容材料,应用后使土壤有效孔隙增加5%,土壤水分无效蒸发降低10%,作物水分利用效率提高20%。

Abstract：Multifunctional aquasorb, degradable soil mulched material, plant drought resistance preparation, soil water relations in the soil plant and air continuum, and soil amendment materials were researched in the project. The characters of aquasorb were optimized. Water adsorbent rate reached to 100, and water release rate was effectively （85%）. The nitrogen and phosphate release capability of fertilizer--supplied aquasorb increased by 10--20 times, and the cost decreased from 20% to 35%. The new developed antitranspiranat could decrease the transpiration by 35%. Soil amendment fertilizer, made from organic and inorganic materials, could increase soil porosity by 5%, and decrease soil evaporation by 10%, and raise the water use efficiency by 20%. Up to now, the divided tasks in the project were carried out according to the plan. Assessment indexes for 2014