气旋类山东暴雨过程天气学特征分析

Analysis on Synoptic Characteristic of Rainstorm Processes in Shandong Province Caused by Cyclone

利用天气观测资料、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对2001年1月—2015年8月发生在山东的32例气旋导致的大范围的暴雨过程进行了分析。将气旋分为黄河气旋型、黄淮气旋型与江淮气旋型,针对每类气旋重点分析其暴雨发生的动力机制、水汽特征,暴雨落区等,并建立了概念模型。结论如下:(1)黄河气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,暖锋附近,天气尺度强迫有利于暴雨产生,水汽来源于西南气流输送或气旋本身。(2)黄淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,属暖区降水,高低空急流垂直耦合诱发深对流,促使暴雨产生。(3)江淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋中心北侧,属冷区降水,其环流形势经向度较大,诱使低层低涡切变线北移,为系统性暴雨的产生提供水汽条件和动力条件。(4)三类气旋暴雨过程中,对流层高层多为辐散场或高空急流入口区右侧,低层多有低涡配合;当有低空偏南风急流出现时,降水量大,反之,则小;暴雨中心均与850 h Pa水汽通量散度辐合区、高比湿区及高能舌区三者相叠置的位置相吻合。

By using the meteorological observations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,aclassification-based research on the rainstorm processes in Shandong province induced by cyclonefrom January 2001 to August 2015 is conducted. According to the standard of the cycloneclassification in the book of the principles and methods of synoptic meteorology, it can be dividedinto Yellow River Cyclone-type, Huang-huai Cyclone-type and Changjiang -huaihe Cyclone-type.The dynamic mechanism, moisture characteristics and heavy rain falling area are analyzed to extractthe conceptual model. The results show that （1） Heavy rain of Yellow River cyclone type falls onthe left of the cyclone near the warm front, synoptic-scale system force is favorable to the heavyrain, the water vapor comes from the southwest airflow or cyclone itself. （2） Heavy rain of Huang-huai Cyclone-type falls on the right of cyclone ,it belongs to warm area precipitation. The High andlow level air jet vertical coupling induced by deep convection to prompted heavy rains.（3） Heavyrain of Changjiang -huaihe Cyclone-type falls in the north of the cyclone and it belongs to coldarea precipitation. The meridional circulation is obvious, which traps the lower vortex movingnorthward, provide water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions for the generation of systemicstorm.（4） Three kinds of cyclone heavy rain process, the upper troposphere is the mostly divergencefield or the right of jet entrance area, low-level systems are mostly low vortexes. When south windlow-level jet has appeared, rainfall is larger, on the contrary, rainfall is smaller. Rainstorm center isin conformity with vapor divergence convergence zone, big humidity area and the high energytongue area of 850 hPa.