2005-2014年北京市肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing(2005-2014)

目的分析2005—2014年北京市肺结核流行病学特征,为北京市结核病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,对2005—2014年北京市报告发病的肺结核患者资料进行分析。结果 2005—2014年北京市共报告发病肺结核患者85 605例,报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势（Cochran-Armitage趋势检验,Z=-53.22,P〈0.01）;全年各月报告发病数以3月最高,之后缓慢下降;全市16个区均有肺结核病例的报告,年均报告发病率前5位的分别为门头沟区、丰台区、昌平区、西城区、和通州区。男女比例为1.93：1;报告病例主要集中在15~59岁年龄段,占病例总数79.05%;15~岁和≥65岁为高发年龄,报告发病率分别为61.24/10万和83.58/10万;职业分布居前5位的分别为家务及待业、农牧渔民、离退人员、学生和教师、工人,分别占患者总数的20.20%、16.04%、12.88%、9.50%和9.23%。结论北京市结核病报告发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势,各区之间发病率有差异,男性、青壮年和老年人、家务及待业等是结核高发因素,应有针对性的加强重点人群的防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing from 2005 to 2014,and provide a basis for the control of tuberculosis in Beijing.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of the tuberculosis patients reported from the surveillance system in Beijing from 2005 to 2014.Results 85 605 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Beijing from 2005 to 2014.The reported pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Beijing showed a significant downward trend year by year.（Cochran-Armitage Test,Z =-53.22,P〈0.01）.The ratio of male to female was 1.93：1.Patients were mainly concentrated in the 15 ~ 59 age group,accounting for 79.05 percent of the total cases; 15 ~ age grou Pand over65 age grou Pwere of high incidence groups.The to Pfive occupations were the housework personnel and unemployed,farmers and fishermen,retirees,students and teachers,and workers,accounting for 20.20% 、16.04% 、12.88% 、9.50% 和 9.23% of the total percentage.Conclusions The reported pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Beijing showed a declining trend year by year.The incidence varied greatly between districts.Male,young adults and old age group,the housework personnel and unemployed were the risk factors of tuberculosis in Beijing.Preventive and control measures should be strengthened in the targeted population or area.