电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的浸出率

Determination of Leaching Rates of Heavy Metals in Mswi Fly Ash by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

采用全自动石墨消解仪进行消解、采用模拟宁波地区的酸雨溶液作为浸提剂,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb,Cd 6种重金属浸出率的前处理方法、分析方法和计算方法。研究了仪器工作条件、重金属的分析波长以及方法的干扰和消除因素。在选定的条件下,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限在0.002~0.01 mg/L之间,相对标准偏差小于5%,质控溶液均在允许的相对误差范围内。对实际样品的测定结果表明宁波地区酸雨对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的浸出率具有显著的影响。方法灵敏度高、检出限低、干扰较少,浸出率计算简便快捷、准确可靠,可用于垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属浸出率的测定,对危险废物的管理具有实际的参考意义。

In this article, automatic graphite digestion instrument was used to digest sample and simulated acid rain in Ningbo area was applied as the leaching agent to establish pretreatment to analysis and calculation method of leaching rates of heavy metals in Mswi fly ash such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The working conditions of the instrument, the analysis of wavelength of heavy metals and interference and elimination factors of the method were then studied. Under the selected conditions, the linear correlation coefficients were more than 0.999, the detection limits were between 0.002 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L, the relative standard deviation was less than 5%, and the quality control solution was in acceptable relative error range. The determination results of actual samples showed that the leaching rates of heavy metals in Mswi fly ash were significantly affected by acid rain in Ningbo area. The method had high sensitivity, low detection limit, and less interference. The leaching rate calculation was simple, fast, accurate and reliable, and could be used for the determination of the leaching rates of heavy metals in Mswi fly ash. Furthermore, the method had practical reference significance for the management of hazardous wastes.