基于横向地球坐标系的极区惯导机械编排研究

Polar INS Mechanization Based on Transverse Terrestrial Coordinate System

地理经线在极区收敛于极点,这造成了以经线作为航向参考基准,位置用经纬度坐标表示的传统惯性导航系统机械编排在极区(尤其是极点附近)确定基本导航参数困难的问题。针对此问题,建立了横向地球坐标系,构建了伪经纬网,推导出横向坐标系与常规坐标系的变换及定向定位参数的转换关系。最后,提出并设计了以四元数表示舰船姿态、以横向地球直角坐标表示舰船位置、以横向地理坐标系为导航坐标系的极区惯导机械编排方案。

The convergence of the geographic meridians to the pole in Arctic makes obtaining essential navigation information difficult when in polar regions （ especially near the poles ） using conventional INS mechanization which uses meridians as heading reference and expresses positions as longitude and latitude coordinates. Given this, transverse terrestrial coordinate system is established, and false graticules is constructed. Transformational relationship between transverse coordinate systems and conventional coordinate systems as well as parameters of direction and fixing is deduced. In the end, it puts forward and designs INS mechanization in Arctic which uses quaternion as ship attitude, expresses ship position as transverse terrestrial orthogonal coordinate and selects transverse geographic coordinate system as its navigation system.