安徽省土地利用地形梯度格局变化分析

Analysis on Land Use Terrain Gradient Pattern Changes in Anhui Province

针对研究土地利用变化方面基于非空间属性数据库的数据研究方法在空间位置和形象思维方面的不足,综合分析高程、坡度等多重因素研究不足的问题,提出了一种基于地形梯度的土地利用格局变化分析方法。以安徽省2000年、2005年和2010年Landsat TM影像为主要数据源,利用遥感和地理信息系统方法,探讨了安徽省2000-2010年,不同地形条件下自然因素以及人文因素对土地利用格局时空演变过程中的影响;基于数字高程模型,结合地学信息图谱理论,通过等间距（Equal Interval）分类方法,计算土地利用图谱类型的地形梯度分布。研究结果表明：安徽省土地利用结构以林地、耕地和建设用地为主,2000-2010年,未利用地和耕地面积呈不断减少趋势,建设用地面积由2000年的26 270.67km^2增加到2010年的38 996.49km^2,呈现不断增加的趋势,且增加幅度较大,破碎度也随之加重。前期变化型的优势分布区是地形位等级1-2级,后期变化型的分布指数总体呈增加趋势,持续变化型的分布指数变化呈现波动起伏的曲线,稳定型分布指数在1-6级呈现减小趋势,在6-10级呈现增加趋势。

In order to study the effects about natural factors and human factors impacting on the evolution of land use pattern in different terrain conditions, RS and GIS were used to study the evolution process of land use pattern on space and time of Anhui province in nearly ten years. The data from remote sensing images,Landsat TM,were collected in 2000,2005 and 2010, respectively. Then, the spatial differentiation of land use type on terrain gradient were calculated by Equal Internal classification and based on digital elevation model （DEM）. The results show that forestland,cropland and constraction land were the dominant land use types of Anhui province. In 2000 - 2010,area of unused land and cropland was declining. Area of construction land was increased from 26 270. 67 km^2 to 38 996. 49 km^2 in 2000-2010, presenting constantly increasing trend, and the fragmentation degree also increased. The main transformation resources of cultivated land were cropland and unused land,while the cropland was also the main transformation trace for forestland. The terrain niche grade 1-2 was the advantaging distribution of pre-change model; the distribution index of late change model presented increasing trend and the value was greater significantly than other mapping types; the distribution index of continuous change model was volatile curve; the distribution index of stable model was decreased in 1-6 grade and increased in 6-10 grade.