分类学习和推理学习:差异比较与研究展望

Classification and Inference in Category Learning: Differences and Research Prospects

类别学习是人类对不同类别加以归类的过程,分类学习和推理学习是习得类别知识的两种重要方式。文章从分类学习和推理学习的呈现方式、反应类型和材料结构,到类别表征、学习策略以及注意分配等几个方面系统地介绍两种学习的学习模式的差异。但是现有的研究范式对两种学习模式的探讨仍存在不足,未来的研究还需从认知神经机制的角度出发获得更为客观的指标;另外还要形成系统的纵向研究,探讨个体从婴幼儿到成年时期的类别学习能力的变化和发展。

Categorization is a process in which human beings learn to classify different categories. There are two means of category learning, classification and inference learning. The paper introduces the differences between them from the presentation, reaction types and structures to category representation, learning strategy and attention distribution. But the research on paradigm is not yet sufficient, the future studies can get objective indicators from the perspective of cognitive neural. In addition, it is important to explore the change and development of category learning ability from infancy to adulthood.