考虑困难度的驾驶员坐姿手伸及能力研究

Research on Driver Seated Reach Capability with Consideration of Difficulty

考虑困难度的驾驶员手伸及能力研究非常必要。文献研究表明:目前尚少有对于驾驶员手伸及困难度及其机理,以及考虑困难度的手伸及能力的研究。在密执安大学交通研究所的试验数据基础上,编写程序对数据进行处理,抽取目标点坐标、被试者人体尺度、伸及过程中人体关节点坐标、主观困难度评价等数据;建立人体运动学模型,并定义姿势角度变量;对考虑困难度的伸及能力因素进行分析,采用二分类Logistic回归对伸及能力进行了建模,并对模型质量进行验证;基于伸及能力模型和某款车型驾驶室布置数据,在考虑驾驶员乘坐位置的基础上,建立了相应的伸及界面,并与同样车型的SAE J287手伸及界面进行对比;根据分布较边缘的被试人员人体数据建立Any Body人体生物力学模型,并进行伸及末帧的生物力学分析,得出了人体生物力学负荷与伸及能力和困难度的关系,并分析不同身材驾驶员生物力学负荷的特点和对伸及困难度评价的影响。其意义更在于建立一种面向不同人群、基于伸及末帧数据和车型布置参数的、考虑困难度的伸及能力限度建模方法。

It is necessary to conduct studies of driver seated reach with consideration of difficulty rating. Literature research shows that at present, no corresponding researches have been done about reaching difficulty and its mechanism, as well as about the reach capability considering the difficulty ratings. Based on the UMTRI test data, a computer program is developed to process the data, in which the target marker positions, the anthropometry dimensions of the participants, the coordinates of joint centers of the subjects, and subjective difficulty ratings are extracted. A kinematics model of human body is created based on the coordinates of joint centers. Posture angle variables are defined. Factors are analyzed about the reaching capability considering the difficulty rating, and the binary Logistic regression is used to model the reach capability at different difficulty ratings. The regression models are validated with perfect qualities. Based on the reach capability models and the package parameters of a mini-van, and with consideration of the seating positions of drivers, the reach envelope surfaces are established and compared with corresponding SAE J287 control reach envelope. Four human body biomechanics models are created based on the anthropometry data distributed near the boundary of the participants, and are used to conduct the biomechanical calculations and analyses of the terminal frame data of the reaching process, from which the relationships of the difficulty rating and the biomechanics loads of the human body are acquired, as well as the influences of the subject stature on the biomechanics loads and difficulty ratings. Another main point of this study is that a modeling method of reach capability is established for different target populations considering the difficulty rating and based on the terminal reaching data and vehicle packaging parameters.