论恩格斯的哲学基本问题

Being Is Not Material,Thinking Is Not Spiritual—— On Engels' Basic Questions of Philosophy and Reinterpretation of Dialectical Materialism

错误理解恩格斯关于哲学基本问题的论述会导致一系列问题,包括:对存在的误解;物质和精神的二元论;哲学两个基本问题不能统一;对哲学史的荒谬理解。根据恩格斯的原文进行解析:思维和存在;"物质"与"自然";本原、决定和被决定。由此来回应对恩格斯哲学基本问题论述的指责:存在指的不是存在者,而思维指的是思维活动和思维过程;二元论中的二元所针对的不是存在,而是存在者;哲学两个基本问题有着一个共同的主题,出发点问题和认识论问题是相通的,怎么认识世界的问题中已经包含有认识的可能性问题;哲学立论的基础并不等于哲学理论本身,世界是不是物质的可以通过自然科学加以说明,以及哲学史上哲学家们实际是从不同的出发点来建立他们的哲学体系的。

Misunderstanding of Engels＇ exposition on the basic questions of philosophy has led to a series of problems,which includes： the misconception of being; dualism of material and spirit; the two basic problems of philosophy can not be unified; the absurd understanding of the history of philosophy. According to Engels＇ original text analyses are made to constitute a response to the criticism of Engels＇ s basic questions of philosophy： being refers not to entity,while thinking refers to thinking activities and thinking process; duality not referring to being but entity; the two basic problems of philosophy have a common theme,the starting point and the problem of epistemology are interlinked,how to know the world contains the possibility of knowledge; the basis of philosophical argument is not equal to philosophy itself,whether the world is material can be explained by natural science,philosophers in establishing their system of philosophy are in fact from different starting points. Modifications are made to the traditional dialectical materialism according to the above exposition.