基于可获得的最佳科学信息和预警方法的海洋自然资源管理研究

On Marine Natural Resources Management Based on Best Available Science and Precautionary Approach

可获得的最佳科学信息和预警方法分别是海洋自然资源养护管理的重要基础和手段。海洋生态系统具有复杂、多变和难以观测的特点,且人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响无法估量。因而,人类很难完全掌握海洋生态系统的发展变化,这增加了资源养护难度,使得预定管理目标难以真正实现。对此,需要借助可获得的最佳科学信息和预警方法,以实现海洋自然资源的可持续利用与海洋生态系统的和谐完整。可获得的最佳科学信息源自完善的科学过程,能够最大限度地为管理决策提供较为充分可靠的信息;然而由于科学研究的不确定性、主观性和政治化特点,可获得的最佳科学信息对于资源养护管理并不是充足的,所以还应采用预警方法,该方法要求不因科学不确定性禁止或延迟采取环境资源保护措施,以预防相关损害的发生。

Best available science and precautionary approach are important basis and methods for marine natural resources management respectively. Marine ecosystem is complex, multivariate and unobservable. What＇s more, the impact of human activities on marine ecosystem is immeasurable. Therefore, it is difficult for human to master the development of marine ecosystem, which increases the difficulty of resources conservation and makes the scheduled management objective hard to be realized. Then it is necessary to utilize best available science and precautionary approach to realize the sustainable utilization of marine natural re- sources and the harmony and integrity of the marine ecosystem. Best available science derives from a perfect scientific process, which could offer sufficient and reliable information for management decisions to the ut- most. However, due to the uncertainty, subjectivity and politicalisation of scientific study, it is not adequate to reserve and manage resources only with best available science, and it is necessary to use precautionary approach as well. This approach requests that the measures to protect environment and resources should not be prohibited and delayed for scientific uncertainty in order to prevent related damages.