心灵实体观的哲学探源

Philosophical Study on Views of Mental Substance

自人类开始思考身心问题以来,心灵是否实体便一直是哲学史上争论的焦点。亚里士多德第一次提出实体范畴及其两种属性,笛卡儿认为身心是并存的,洛克和休谟认为实体存在但不可知,贝克莱主张心灵是唯一实体,科学实在论者认为心灵是具有特殊功能的器官。当代心灵计算理论认为,心灵仅仅是大脑的生物化学活动,其中的细节远远超出了哲学探讨的范围。然而,心灵是否像物质那样也是实在的问题,依然是哲学家继续质疑和争论的主题。

Since human beings began to think about it, body-mind problem has been the focus of debate in philosophical history. Aristotle proposed entity category firstly, and then Descartes believed the coesistence of mind and body, Lock and Hume thought that the entity existed but was unknowable, Berkeley had the theory that mind was the only entity. Scientific realists brought up that the heart was the only organ with special functions. Computational theory of mind （CTM） believed that mind is the activities of brain, the details of which was far beyond the range of philosophy. However, the mind exists or not like material, which is still the subject of doubt and disputation for philosophers.