论西周城址的防御体系

The Defense System of the Western Zhou Dynasty

目前已发现的王都、姬姓封国城邑、异姓封国城邑以及其他西周城址,按防御体系可分为简单设防的王都、设防完备的封国城邑和无人工设防的封国城邑三大类。王都城址背山面水,交通便利,均未发现城墙,凭借人工沟渠和自然山川作为军事防御屏障;远离统治中心的封国城邑在建国初期一般营建有城墙和城壕等防御设施,而距离王都较近的城邑,多营建于西周晚期;无人工设防的封国城邑,目前仅发现有大型墓地。不同防御体系的形成是周初分封制在军事上的体现,诸多封国构成一道道军事防御体系,拱卫了王都的安全。

Currently, city sites have been found in the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as King＇ s capitals, the feudal states for the surname Ji and other surnames, and other states. The defense system can be divided into three types ： simple fortification of kings, fortification complete closure of the cities and no artificial fortified feudal states. The king＇ s capitals, with water in front and hills on the back and convenient transportation, city wall has not been found. People make artificial ditches and natural mountains and rivers as military defense. Feudal states away from the political capitals constructed defense facility in the early years of the new nation, such as city walls and moats. However, cities close to king＇s capitals were mostly built in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. In the feudal states without artificial fortification, people only found necropolis currently. The formation of different defense system is the military reflecttion of the early Zhou enfeoffment system, many feudal states constituted a military defense system, surrounded and protected the safety of king＇ s capitals.