天津市滨海新区托幼机构手足口病聚集疫情流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease clustered cases in kindergartens,Binhai New Area,Tianjin city,2014-2015

目的 分析天津市滨海新区托幼机构手足口病聚集疫情流行特征,为托幼机构手足口病聚集疫情防控工作提供科学依据。方法 收集2014年5月至2015年4月天津市滨海新区托幼机构手足口病聚集疫情相关信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014年5月至2015年4月滨海新区共发生手足口病聚集疫情37起,发病人数147例,班级平均罹患率为14.89%（147/987）。疫情以主动搜索发现报告方式为主（94.59%,35/37）。发病高峰为5、6、9月,病例以4~5岁儿童为主102例（69.39%）。聚集疫情主要发生在私立幼儿园31例（83.78%）。采集37起聚集疫情的140例病例粪便标本进行检测,检测结果以肠道病毒71型（EV71）44例（34.65%）和柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Cox A16）39例（30.71%）为主。疫情持续时间平均为（6.00±1.21）d。疫情持续时间与首例病例发病时间-停课时间间隔之间有相关性（r=0.91,P〈0.01）。结论 托幼机构是手足口病防控的重点场所,加强托幼机构手足口病监测,尽早发现首例病例,执行严格的病例隔离、消毒等防控措施才能有效防控手足口疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） clustered cases in kindergartens,Binhai New Area,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD clustered cases in kindergartens. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of HFMD clustered cases in kindergartens,Binhai New Area,Tianjin city,during 2014-2015. Results Thirty seven epidemics of HFMD occurred from 2014 to 2015 ,involving 147 cases. The average attack rate was 14.89%. Most of clustered cases were found by active surveillance （94.59 %, 35/37）. The peaks were May-June, and September, the cases in age group 4-5 years accounted for 69.39 %. Private kindergartens had higher prevalence of clustered cases （31,83.78%）. Totally 140 stool specimens were collected,the major enteroviruses responsible were EV 71 and Cox A16. The average duration of the epidemics was （6.00±1.21） days. There was statistical correlation between the epidemic duration and the timeliness of school closure （ r =0.91, P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Kindergartens are the focus of HFMD prevention and control location. It is essential to strengthen the surveillance of HFMD for the early detection of the first case,isolate the infected person and conduct disinfection to control the spread of the disease.