6～9岁骨龄男童体脂率测量方法的比较及公式推算

Comparative study on the measurement methods of body fat rate of boys aged 6 to 9 years in the bone and formula projections

摘要目的：通过对6～9岁骨龄男童体脂率的不同测量方法进行比较分析，寻找并建立最适用于小学生的体脂率测量方法。方法：随机从万泉小学等学校抽取130名正常健康男童，进行骨龄拍摄，挑取其中骨龄为6～9岁男童为研究对象，分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组。分别采用皮褶厚度法、生物电阻抗法（BIA）、双能量X线吸收法（DEXA）在同一时间段对研究对象进行测量。结果：6～9岁骨龄男童BIA与DEXA测量结果均值比较无差异，除正常组外，超重组和肥胖组BIA测量结果均与DEXA高度相关，且在该骨龄组男童中两者测量结果的一致性较高。通过与DEXA对比，皮褶厚度法推算体脂率，无论是均值比较，相关性分析，还是一致性分析，姚兴家公式在推测受试者的体脂率时都存在显著低估现象，而元田恒公式在推测受试者的体脂率时则存在显著性的高估现象，相比较而言，长岭公式虽然也存在误差，但其结果与DEXA结果最为接近。以DEXA为校标，通过皮褶厚度法推算全身体脂率公式为全身体脂率-9．103＋1．033×腹部皮褶。结论：通过与DEXA对比显示，在6～9岁骨龄段男童，BIA检测体脂率的准确度要明显优于皮褶厚度推测法。应用皮褶厚度法推算6～9岁骨龄男童全身体脂率，其公式为全身体脂率-9．103＋1．033×腹部皮褶，经检验，结果可靠有效。

Objective： To compare the different measurement methods of body fat rate of boys aged 6 to 9 years in the bone and to find and build the best method to measure body fat rate. Methods： 130 healthy boys were randomly sampled from the Wanquan Primary School and Yuxin Primary Schools etc. The boys took bone age shooting, and the boys whose bone age were 6 to 9 years old were selected as the research subjects. The experimental subjects were measured on the same day using skinfold method, bioelectrical impedance （BIA） and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA）. Results： There were no significant difference between BIA and DEXA in the boys bone age is 6 to 9 years. In addition to the normal group, BIA measurements were highly correlated with DEXA in overweight and obese groups. The consistency of results was comparatively high with the two ways to measure in this age group. By comparison with DEXA, using skinfold thickness to estimate body fat ratio, regardless of means comparison, correlation analysis, or consistency analysis, Yao Xing-jia formulas significantly underestimated the subject of body fat rate, and Yuan Tian-heng formulas significantly overvalued the subject of body fat rate. There was a certain error of Changling formula, but the error was small. DEXA as the standard, the body fat rate projections formula by skinfold method was： body fat ratio = 9. 103 ＋ 1. 033 × abdominal skin fold. Conclusion： By comparison with DEXA, the accuracy of detection body fat rate is better using BIA than skinfold reckoning; DEXA as the standard, consistency of the body fat percentage formula with the study is reliable and effective.