不同加工方式玉米粉对6月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及生长发育的影响

Effects of Corn Meals with Different Processing Methods on Digestion and Metabolism,Plasma Biochemical Indexes,Growth and Development of 6-Month-Old Yili Horses

本试验旨在研究不同加工方式玉米粉对6月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血浆生化指标及生长发育的影响,为蒸汽压片玉米粉、膨化玉米粉在马饲粮中的应用提供参考。本试验选取平均体重为(105.10±11.83)kg、健康状况良好的6月龄伊犁公马20匹,按体重相近原则,随机分为4组,每组5匹。每天每匹马饲喂0.3 kg粉状浓缩料和3.5 kg苜蓿干草,在此基础上对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组每天每匹再分别饲喂0.3 kg粉碎玉米粉、0.3 kg粉碎玉米粉+1 gα-淀粉酶、0.3 kg蒸汽压片玉米粉、0.3 kg膨化玉米粉,进行为期20 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期13 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:试验Ⅲ组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消化量以及中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组氮、钙、磷沉积率显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组消化能、代谢能显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组试验期间增重和平均日增重均高于其他各组,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);就体斜长增加而言,试验Ⅲ组显著高于其他组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组胸围增加显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);各组间血浆生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出,饲喂膨化玉米粉可提高饲粮中营养物质的消化率及能量代谢,并促进马的生长发育;而饲喂含酶制剂的粉碎玉米粉或蒸汽压片玉米粉对6月龄伊犁马的营养物质消化率及生长发育无显著促进作用。

This experiment aimed to study the effects of corn meals with different processing methods on digestion and metabolism,plasma biochemical indexes,growth and development of 6-month-old Yili horses,and provided a reference for the application of steam-flaked corn meal and extruded corn meal in horses＇ diets.Twenty healthy Yili male horses with the age of 6 months and the average body weight of（105.10 ± 11.83）kg were randomly divided into 4 groups,and each group had 5 horses.Each horse was fed 0.3 kg powder concentrated feed and 3.5 kg alfalfa hay per day.Besides,each of horse in control group,trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ was fed with 0.3 kg grinding corn meal,0.3 kg grinding corn meal ＋ 1 g α-amylase,0.3 kg steam-flaked corn meal,and 0.3 kg extruded corn meal,respectively.The digestion and metabolism experiment lasted for 20 d comprised a 13 d adaptation and 7 d trial period.The results showed that the digestion of dry matter（DM）,organic material（OM）,crude protein（CP）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF）,and the digestibility of NDF and ADF in trial group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in control group（P〈0.05）.The retention rates of nitrogen（N）,calcium（Ca） and phosphorus（P） in trial groupⅢ were significantly higher than those in control group and trial group Ⅰ（P〈0.05）.The metabolic energy（ME） and digestible energy（DE） in trial group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in control group and trial group Ⅰ（P〈0.05）,while there were no significant differences among control group and trial groupsⅠ,Ⅱ（P〈0.05）.The body weight gain（BWG） and average daily gain（ADG） in trial group Ⅲ were higher than those in other groups,but the differences were not significant（P〉0.05）.In aspect of body slanting length increase,the trial group Ⅲ was significantly higher than other groups（P〈0.05）.The chest measurement increase in trail group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in other three groups（P〈0.05）,but there were no significant differences in plasma biochemical indexes among groups（P〉0.05）.Therefore,feeding extruded corn meal can improve the digestibility of dietary nutrients,increase the energy metabolism and promote the growth and development of 6-month-old Yili horses,but feeding grinding corn meal containing enzyme preparation or steam-flaked corn meal has no significant promoting effects on the nutrient digestibility and the growth and development of 6-month-old Yili horses.