职业分化、政策评价及其优化——基于农户视角

Professional Differentiation,Policy Evaluation and Its Optimization——From Perspective of Farmers

基于来自广东、江西、贵州、四川、江苏、河南、宁夏、山西及辽宁等9个省2 695个农户的系统抽样问卷调查数据,采用平均数差异检验法,从农户视角对我国当前涉农政策进行评价。结果显示:中国农户已经分化为以兼业户为主体,包括纯务农大户、纯务农散户、农业兼业户、非农兼业户和纯非农户等5类;但对于中国农业生产扶持政策、农地产权政策和农地处置政策的评价,却不因农户的职业分化而出现差异,在所有农户的满意度评价中均排前3位;农村环境治理政策和农村金融政策在所有农户的满意度评价中均被排在后两位;有农地流入的农户对现行农地处置政策较为满意,但作为农地流出方的非农兼业户和纯非农户对该政策的满意度则相对较低;农业参与程度越深的农户对农业生产扶持政策的评价越高。未来中国涉农政策优化必须坚持稳定与改革并重的原则,把优化农村环境治理作为重点,让农村金融回归"涉农"本位,把握农业转移人口市民化趋势,消除农业转移人口市民化的政策障碍和制度藩篱。

Based on the systematic sampling survey data selected from 2 695 farmer households in 9provinces like Guangdong,Jiangxi,Guizhou,Sichuan,Jiangsu,Henan,Ningxia,Shanxi and Liaoning,this paper uses empirical methods of t-test and ANOVA to evaluate China's agricultural policy from the perspective of farmers.The result shows that Chinese farmers are differentiated into such 5kinds as the large-scale pure farming households,the small-scale pure farming households,the households with agricultural concurrent business,the households with non-agricultural concurrent business,and the off-farm households.However,professional farmers show no difference when making their evaluation to agricultural production support policy,farmland property right policy and farmland disposal policy,and all of their satisfaction evaluation to these policies ranks among top three,but their satisfaction evaluation to rural environmental policy and rural financial policy ranks in the last two.As for the present farmland disposal policy,households with farmland inflows make fair satisfaction evaluation,while those with farmland outflows like the households with non-agricultural concurrent business and the off-farm households,make relatively low satisfaction evaluation.This shows that the further extent the households conduct farming,the higher satisfaction evaluation they will make to the agricultural production support policy.In the future,China should follow the principles of stability and reform when making its agricultural policies,take rural environment management into critical account,make the rural finance return to the'agriculture-related'fundamental position,grasp the trend of immigration of rural population into urban citizens,and eliminate the policy barriers and systems concerning the immigration and emigration.