地铁站突发事件疏散路径选择影响因素研究

Research on factors influencing selection of evacuation route in an emergency in subway station

为研究地铁站乘客疏散路径选择的影响因素,用问卷调查方法,在全国7个城市对地铁站突发事件人员疏散路径选择的影响因素进行调查研究。利用SPSS软件分析各因素得分的平均值及标准差,选取均值较大的4个因素和标准差较大的4个因素作为关键因素设计疏散试验,并组织不同学历水平、性别、年龄的298名被试参与试验。结果表明,熟悉程度、通道人员密度、光线条件以及语音疏散指导对地铁站疏散路径的选择影响显著;路径复杂程度和距离出口的距离对地铁站疏散路径的选择无明显影响;安全疏散标志的影响程度与自身认知水平有关,认知水平越高,影响越显著;遇到拥堵和障碍物时人们会优先选择最先看到的路径。

For the sake of studying factors influencing subway station passenger evacuation route selection in an emergency, a questionnaire survey was carried out in seven different cities in China. SPSS software was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each factor＇s score. Eight factors were identified as the key factors for designing evacuation experiments because of their greater values and standard deviation. 298 testees participated in the experiments. The result shows that familiarity, the personnel density of channel, light conditions, and voice evacuation guidance have a significant impact on the selection of evacuation route, that complexity of path and the distance to exits have a little impact on the selection of evacuation route, that influence of safety evacuation indication signs is dependent on evacuees＇ cognitive level, the higher the cognitive level is, the more significant the effect will be, and that evacuees will give preference to the path appearing first in their sight when they meet with congestion and obstacles.