基于参照作物蒸发蒸腾量的苹果树灌溉制度制定

Established irrigation system for Apple tree based on the reference crop evapotranspiration

系统收集了北京市19个气象站近30a气象数据,运用联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Menteith方法计算了各站点历年月ET0值,利用P-Ⅲ型水文频率法确定了50%、75%和95%共3个典型水平年,分析全市不同水平年ET0空间分布分布特征;以苹果树为研究对象,分析苹果树ETc、有效降雨量Pθ空间分布特征;以满足苹果树正常生长和获得中等产量水平等的作物生理需水为基本前提,考虑不同土壤类型条件下作物的灌溉方式和灌溉技术等造成的输水损失、田间渗漏和蒸发等水量损失,制定北京市不同地区苹果树灌溉制度。

Systematic collection of 19 weather stations in Beijing for nearly 30 years of meteorological data,Using FAO Penman-Menteith recommended method to calculate the value of the site calendar month ET0,Utilizing P-Ⅲ hydrological method to determine the frequency of 50%,75% and 95% typical levels,analysis of different levels of the citys Spatial distribution characteristics of ET0;As the research object to the apple tree,analysis the effective spatial distribution of ETc,rainfall Pθ;To meet the normal growth of apple trees and get moderate level of crop yield physiological water requirement for the basic premise,Taking into account the water losses in different soil types and crop irrigation methods and irrigation techniques,etc.caused by field evaporation and seepage water losses,Beijing has developed in different parts of the tree irrigation system.