玉米覆膜滴灌技术持续增产的探讨

Discussion on continuous increasing yield of drip irrigation with plastic film mulching in Maize

通过研究玉米授粉穗粒数与需水量、施肥量、密度等栽培因素的关系,分析玉米授粉穗粒数与需水量、施肥量、密度的相关关系,有效穗粒数、粒重与需水量、施肥量、密度的回归分析。结果表明,授粉穗粒数与玉米8~16片叶展叶期间的需水量显著相关;在生育期间需水量258.2~546.2mm范围内需水量每增加1mm,有效穗粒数可增加0.5粒左右;有效穗粒数随密度增加呈直线降低;施用氮、磷化肥,特别是氮、磷肥配施可以显著增加有效穗粒数。在灌浆期与成熟期需水量56.8~96.4mm区间内,需水量每增加1mm,百粒重增加0.13g左右。根据得出的结论,探讨如何提高玉米果穗授粉穗粒数,减少败育穗粒数、增加有效穗粒数和粒重,是实现玉米持续增产的基本途径,也是强化玉米栽培科技创新的努力方向。

By studying the relationship between the number of maize pollination seeds per ear and the cultivation factors,such as the amount of water required,the amount of fertilizer and the density of the plant to analyze the relationship between maize pollination seeds per ear and water demand,fertilizing amount and density at the same time,to finish regression analysis of effective seeds per ear,grain weight,water demand,fertilizing amount and density;The results show,maize pollination seeds per ear was significantly correlated with the water requirement of the leaves during the period of 8~16.The number of effective tillering grains was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of water needed for the same period,during the growth period,and the amount of water needed to increase the amount of domestic demand 1mm between 258.2~546.2mm,effective spike number can be increased by about 0.5.Nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application can significantly increase the number of effective spikes.In the filling stage and maturity stage,the water demand was between 56.8~96.4mm,the water consumption increase per 1mm,the weight increase of about 0.13 g.According to the conclusion,the discussion on how to improve the maize pollination seeds per ear,to reduce increasing of blighted grain number and to increase effective grain number per spike and grain weight,which is the basic way to realize the corn sustained increase of the,but also to strengthen maize cultivation technology and innovation direction.