火星表面核反应堆电源方案研究

Scheme Research of Mars Surface Nuclear Reactor Power

火星作为地球的近邻,一直是人类进行深空探测和开发的首选目标。登陆火星、建立火星基地并开发利用火星资源首先需解决电力供给问题,核反应堆电源具有功率大、寿命长、环境适应性强等优点,是火星基地及其他深空探测任务的理想能源。通过分析目前可用于火星基地的能源情况,针对性地提出了40kWe火星表面核反应堆电源的总体方案,并从物理、安全、屏蔽、热工以及结构方面对电源方案进行了分析和论证。结果表明:该电源方案合理可行,能满足安全和寿期要求。

As the nearest neighbor of earth,Mars has always been the first choice for space exploration and development of human beings.Landing on Mars,establishing a base and developing and utilizing resource are the primary goal of Mars exploration,but the establishment of Mars base needs to solve the issue of power supply first.The nuclear reactor power has the advantages of high power,long service life and environmental tolerance ability,and it is an ideal energy solution option for Mars base and other deep space exploration missions.A brief analysis of the current status of energy that can be used for a Mars base was carried out.The overall scheme of 40 kWe nuclear reactor power for Mars surface was given.Finally,the power scheme was analyzed and demonstrated from the aspects of reactor physics,critical safety,shielding,thermal and structure.The results show that the nuclear reactor power scheme is reasonable and feasible.It can meet the requirements of safety and lifetime.