美国全球供应链安全国家战略与中国对策

The U.S. National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security and China's Countermeasures

进入21世纪,国际体系国际秩序深度调整,国际力量对比深刻变化。面对世界形势的巨变,美国为继续领导世界,保持在军事、经济、科技、金融等领域的世界霸主地位,从政治、经济、外交、军事、文化、金融等方面入手,对其全球战略布局进行了大规模调整,而正是在这样的形势下,全球供应链安全国家战略应运而生。这是因为,国内外一切经济军事活动都离不开物流与供应链,而物流又是供应链的一部分,任何国家都要在全球范围内发展产业链、供应链、价值链,并依靠高科技(如互联网)来支撑其发展,以此取得大国间的平衡与优势。美国全球供应链安全国家战略的基本目标:一是促进商品高效与安全运输;二是培养一个有弹性的供应链。其核心一是安全,二是效率,其所要建立的全球供应链系统一定是稳定、安全、高效、有弹性的。近几年,为实现全球供应链安全国家战略要求,美国不断强化全球供应链系统风险识别与评估,加强运输基础设施建设与运输透明化技术研究,推进信息共享与智慧供应链发展,强化囯内标准与法律规范,推进全球供应链治理结构改造,特别是贸易便利化与区域经济合作,加强全球资源整合。经过最近几年的实践,各项工作都取得了重要进展。面对美国的全球供应链战略,中国也应制定自己的全球供应链战略,包括供应链囯家战略、供应链产业战略、供应链城市战略和供应链企业战略。一要出台"供应链+"十年行动计划,夯实中囯的全球供应链综合实力;二要以"一带一路"为基点,推进全球供应链国家战略;三要在制造业、农业、服务业中实实在在地快速推进供应链管理;四要组织力量开展供应链理论研究,组织攻关供应链关键技术,不断创新供应链模型,培养供应链高端人才,组建供应链囯家研究院与囯家实验室。

Since the entering of 21 century,the international system and order has been deeply adjusted;and there have been profound changes in terms of international balance of power. Facing the significant changes of world situation,to continuously to be the world leader and maintain its dominated status in terms of military,economy,science and technology and finance,the U.S. carried out significant adjustment in its global strategy arrangement from such aspects as politics,economy, foreign affairs,military,culture and finance;and The U. S. National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security was born at the right moment. Because the domestic and international economic and military activities can not be launched without logistics and supply chain,and logistics is the one part of supply chain,any countries have to develop their global industrial chain,supply chain and value chain,support the development of that with the help of high-tech (e.g.,internet),obtain the balance and advantages among big countries. The U. S. National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security includes two basic objectives:the first one is to promote the efficient and secure transportation of goods;and the second is to cultivate a flexible supply chain. The two cores of The U. S. National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security are security and efficiency;and the global supply chain involved must be stable,secure,efficient and flexible. To realize the requirement of that strategy,the U.S. will continuously strengthen the identification and evaluation of the systematic risks involved in global supply chain,strengthen study on the related technology,promote the information sharing and the development of smart supply chain,strengthen the standardization of domestic standard and related laws,promote the governance restructuring of global supply chain,and strengthen global resources integration. After the practice in recent years,they have made great achievements in related jobs. Facing this strategy,China should also formulate our own global supply chain strategy,such as the national strategy,industrial strategy,urban strategy and corporate strategy of supply chain. First,we should introduce the Ten Years Action Plan for Supply Chain+,and lay the solid foundation in terms of supply chain comprehensive strength;second,we should promote the national strategy of global supply chain based on the Belt and Road;third,we should rapidly promote the management of supply chain;and fourth,we should carry out research on supply chain related theories,make innovation in supply chain model,cultivate more high-end professionals,and establish the national institute and laboratories.