基于Ⅱ型弹条的小半径曲线扣件设计研究

Research on the Design of Small Radius Curve Fastener Based on Ⅱ-type Elastic Rod Fastener

通过对既有普通线路小半径曲线扣件系统存在的弹条扣压力衰减快、轨距块断裂、垫板裂化等问题展开小半径曲线用扣件系统优化研究。在II型扣件系统基础上,增设12 mm厚铁垫板和4 mm厚的尼龙垫片,将挡板座与铁垫板一体化设计,共同承担钢轨传来的横向力,改进后的扣件系统与Ⅲa型轨枕配套使用,轨距调整量可达18mm,满足小半径曲线轨距加宽15 mm的使用要求。并用有限元软件计算弹条采用不同半径时的各项技术指标,结果表明:弹条直径选用14 mm时,扣压力较大,最大等效应力和弹程适当,各项性能最优。将设计优化后的扣件系统在某编组站溜放线进行试装,接近1年的使用表明该扣件系统应用状况良好,未出现弹条松动、轨距扩大现象,Ⅲa型轨枕的病害也大大减少。

In view of the current problems related to the general fastening system on small radius curve, such as the rapid elastic bar pressure attenuation, the fracture of gauge block and the bearing plate cracking an optimization research is conducted on fastening system. Based on Ⅲa-type elastic rod fastener,with additional 12 mm thick steel plate and 4 mm thick nylon gaskets,the baffle is integrated with the steel plate to share the lateral force coming from the rail. The improved fastener system is used with a - type sleeper to allow the gauge adjustment range to reach 18 mm and meet operation requirement for additional 15 mm of small radius curve gauge. The finite element software is used to calculate various technical indexes of the elastic bar used for different radius. The results indicate that when 14 mm diameter rod is selected, the buckle pressure is relatively high, the maximum equivalent stress and displacement are suitable and the properties are optimal. The optimized fastening system is installed and tested on a small radius curve in a marshalling yard. The operation of the system in the past year shows that the fastening system is in good condition without fastener loosening and gauge widening and the defects of Ⅲa-type sleeper are much reduced.