福建省城乡高等教育入学机会差异的实证研究

The Difference of Access to Higher Education between Children in Rural and Urban Areas: with the Example of Fujian

通过对福建省城乡学生进入高等院校的机会与类型的差异进行统计分析发现:相比其他类型高校,农村学生进入一般公办本科院校、公办高职高专院校和民办高职院校相对容易;在六类院校中,城镇学生皆拥有高于农村学生的入学机会,城乡差异的显著程度由高至低分别为独立学院、民办本科院校、"211工程"院校、民办高职高专院校、公办高职高专院校和一般公办本科院校。城乡教育资源分配的不均、城乡家庭教育环境的差异和招生考试制度的潜在影响是影响城乡高等教育入学机会差异的主要原因。高等教育入学机会具有累积性与隐蔽性并存的特点,导致城乡间高等教育入学机会差距仍难以在短时间内消除。

comparing the difference of access to higher education between children from rural area and those fromurban area in Fujian, the empirical results indicate that rural students are relatively more difficult to enter universities;compared with other types of universities, general public universities, public vocational colleges and privatevocational colleges are relatively easy to enter for rural students ; urban students have higher enrollment opportunitiesthan rural students, and the ones with difference degree from high to low are independent college, private universities, “211 Project” universities, private vocational colleges, public vocational colleges and the general publicuniversities. The uneven distribution of urban and rural educational resources, family education environment andthe potential impact of college admission system are the main reasons for differences of access to higher educationbetween children in rural and urban areas. Access to higher education has the characteristics of accumulation andconcealment which result that the disparity is still difficult to eliminate in a short time.