高速公路交通气象监测预报服务研究进展

Progress of Traffic Meteorological Researches About Monitoring and Forecasting Services on Express Highways

高速公路交通运输是国民经济建设和民众出行的大动脉,它对气象条件具有高敏感性。不利的天气条件易导致交通事故频发,造成财产损失和人员伤亡,已成为社会各界广泛关注的热点问题。本文系统梳理了国内外高速公路交通气象监测预报服务研究进展,重点介绍高速公路交通气象监测预报研究发展历程,分析几类恶劣天气对交通运输安全的影响与机理,最后探讨了中国特色高速公路交通气象监测预报预警服务系统建设的内容、特点及趋势。结果表明,以雾为主的低能见度、道路积雪和结冰、强降水等是影响高速公路安全运行的主要气象因素。本研究旨在促进我国交通气象学科的发展,提升现代化高速公路交通气象监测预报预警服务水平,并为科学决策道路建设、防范和应对交通事故、保障财产和生命安全提供参考依据。

As an important department of the country, the expressway transport plays an increasingly significant role in economy developmentand resident trip. The highway traffic is highly sensitive to weather condition, and the adverse weather is easy to cause trafficinterruption and accidents, and lead to property loss and casualties. Therefore, the highway traffic safety has become a new hot spot.In the paper, the research progresses of traffic meteorology on expressways about monitoring and forecast service in China and abroadwere systematically combed. Firstly, the developments of traffic meteorology on highways about monitoring and forecast service in Chinaand abroad were mainly introduced in detail. Then, the influences and mechanisms of several adverse weather conditions on traffictransportation safety were summarized. Finally, the content, characteristics and trend of the intelligent traffic meteorological monitoringand warning service system on highways in China were discussed. The results showed that the low visibility （fog mostly） , heavy rainfall,road surface icing and snow were the main influential factors for the freeway operation and safety. The paper aims to promote thedevelopment of traffic meteorology in China, further improve the service ability of the monitoring, forecast and early warning of trafficmeteorology on modern highways, and provide the reference for the scientific layout of road and prevention and response to traffic accidentsto ensure the security of property and lives.