稠油油田出砂地面实时监测技术

Ground real-time monitoring on sand production of heavy oil reservoir

疏松砂岩稠油油田储层岩石强度较低,开发时易导致出砂。为了保持油田长期稳产,需要对油井出砂情况进行实时监测。基于振动信号监测技术,研发了一套适用于稠油油田的实时出砂监测系统,采用非置入式加速度传感器测量砂粒撞击管道产生的振动,通过对信号的滤波、时域分析、频谱分析、功率谱分析,建立信号特征与油井出砂之间的关系,实现对油井出砂量的监测。在实验室内搭建了测试平台,采用柴油、水作为流动介质,分别改变砂粒粒度、含砂量、含水率、流速等条件,对监测系统的能力进行测试。测试结果表明,在流体介质黏度小于250 m Pa·s时,系统能实现对44μm砂粒的测量。本监测系统在现场8口井上进行了试验应用,结果表明,系统监测结果与油井实际生产情况一致性较好。稠油油田出砂地面实时监测技术可用于开发井的出砂监测,有利于提高油田管理效果。

With lower rock strength, loose sandstone heavy oil reservoirs are susceptible to sand production. To maintain peak production over a long term, it is necessary to monitor sand production in real time. A real-time sand-production monitoring system suitable for heavy oil reservoirs has been developed based on techniques for monitoring vibration signals, in which an independent acceleration detector is used to detect vibrations induced by collision of sand particles on pipe string. Through fltering, time domain analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and power spectrum analysis of relevant signals, the relationship between signal features and sand production has been found out to realize monitoring of sand-production of oil producers in real time. Lab tests were performed to test the performance of the monitoring system by changing granularity of sand grains, sand content, water cut, fow speed of fow medium, and using diesel and water as fow media. The test results show the system can detect sand grains of 44 μm in size at fow medium viscosity of less than 250 mPa·s. The monitoring system has been used on 8 wells. The test results show the monitoring results of the system are quite consistent with actual production performance of the oil producers. The newly developed real-time monitoring technique for heavy oil reservoirs can improve management of oilfelds.