论审判视角下冤假错案产生的原因及其防范对策

A RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF MISTRIALS

冤假错案作为司法案件的残次品,其发生对司法公正及法律权威有严重的负面影响。由于审判机关具有诉讼过程中对案件最后把关和定性的特殊职能,因此切实发挥审判职能对冤假错案的防范具有举足轻重的作用。文章通过实证分析审判机关防范冤假错案存在的主要问题,从建立以审判为中心的诉讼模式,健全非法证据排除措施、强化审查过滤职能,排除权力干扰、理性应对民意,加强律师保障、重视抗辩作用,完善二审机制、解决申诉难题等多维视角探寻防范路径,以期对冤假错案的防范有所裨益。

The occurrence of mistrials of justice, defective goods of judicial case, has serious negative impact on the justice andlegal authority. Since the judicial departments have special functions of final checks and qualitative case during the proceedings,the judicial functions to prevent mistrials of justice have an irreplaceable role. Through the empirical analysis on the existingmain problems of the judiciary to prevent mistrials, this paper explores prevention paths from multiple perspectives, includingestablishing litigation mode centering on trials, perfecting the illegal evidence exclusion measures, strengthening the reviewfiltering function, eliminating power disturbances, rationally responding to public opinion, strengthening the protection tolawyers, attaching great importance to the defense function, improving the mechanism of the second instance, solving the complaintproblem and so on. Hope all of these can be beneficial to prevent mistrials of justice.