月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物垂直分布初步研究

Vertical distribution of bryophytes in Yueliang Mountain Nature Reserve

该研究通过采集、鉴定和测量苔藓植物标本并用SPSS软件进行数据分析,对贵州省月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物的垂直分布规律进行了初步分析。结果表明:月亮山自然保护区苔藓植物共有69科147属374种,苔藓植物呈明显的带状分布;不同海拔苔藓植物科属种所占的百分比均呈先升高后降低,优势科灰藓科(Hypnaceae)和细鳞苔科(Lejeuneaceae)和优势属凤尾藓属(Fissidens)、耳叶苔属(Frullania)、真藓属(Bryum)、疣鳞苔属(CoLoLejeunea)和细鳞苔属(Lejeunea)内种数在不同海拔也呈相同趋势;该地区苔藓植物石生群落和土生群落分布最广,木生群落次之,水生群落分布最少;苔藓植物雌雄异株数量在不同海拔均比同株数量多,比例约为7∶3;随着海拔升高,多种不利环境使长柄绢藓(Entodon macropodus)的叶片显著变小、叶长与叶宽的比显著增大,叶片由卵圆形变为卵状披针形,孢蒴极显著缩短、孢子直径显著增大,孢子的产量逐渐减少,不利苔藓植物的繁殖,蒴柄显著增长,有利于孢子的传播,体现了苔藓植物在不同的海拔的适应性。该研究结果为进一步研究苔藓植物的分布及环境适应性提供了基本资料。

The vertical distribution law of bryophytes was studied and analyzed by collecting and identifying bryophytes specimens,measuring and analyzing data by SPSS in Yueliang Mountain Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China. The results showed that there were 69 families,147 genera and 374 species,with obvious vertical bands of bryophytes. The percentage of families,genera and species increased first then decreased along with the increasing of altitude and the dominant families Hypnaceae and Lejeuneaceae,as well as the dominant genera Fissidens,Frullania,Bryum,Cololejeunea and Lejeunea had similar trend. The rock-community and soil-community possessed the most widely distribution,followed by tree- community,while aquatic community had the narrowest distribution,as well as the number of dioecious plant was more than that of tmonoecious plant bryophytes,with the scale 7 ∶ 3. Many adverse environments made the leaves significantly small,the ratio between leaf length and width significantly increased and the morphology of Entodon macropodus（ Hedw.） Müll. ranged from ovoid to egg lanceolate,as well as the capsula greatly significantly shortened,the diameter of spore,the number of spores gradually reduced and seta gradually became significantly long for the spread of spores,which showed the adaption of bryophytes. This paper provides the basic information for the further study of the distribution and environment adaption of bryophytes.