从熊门师弟对“口之于味”章的诠释看道德何以可能

The Understanding of Moral in the Interpretations Made by Xiong Shili and His Students on The Mouth to the Taste

先秦儒学对道德本质的思考是以性命之辨的形式出现的,"口之于味"章是《孟子》中阐明性命关系的重要文本;朱熹认为此章说明感官欲望和道德法则都是人性的组成部分,并且二者皆为"命"所限。熊十力及其三大弟子都重视此章并对此章进行了不同的解读:熊十力主张性命合一,以感官欲望与道德法则都出自宇宙本体的宇宙论进路批评程朱的命定论倾向;徐复观、牟宗三不赞成熊十力的观点而主张性命对扬、性内命外;唐君毅主张此章的"命"是指"义命",也就是说,感官欲望、道德法则与外在命运是工夫实践中活生生的统一。依据唐的诠释,道德的来源是主体心性与外在环境的感应过程,道德的本质是一个在工夫实践过程中显现的情景化的主客、天人之间的感应。

The question of moral takes the form of comments on life in Pre - Qin Confucianism period. The chapter of uthe mouth to the tastein Mencius is one highlighted text about the relation of Xing （human nature） and Ming （fate）. Zhu Xi holds that it shows human nature includes desires and moral ration, which are limited by fate. Xiong Shili and his students noticed and interpreted it as well. He criticized fatalism of Zhu Xi according to his cosmology. But Xu Fuguan and Mou Zongsan objected to Xiong. They insisted that nature is inner and fate is outer. Tang Junyi only treated the meaning of Ming as Ming. According to Tang, the source of moral exists in the interaction of Xing and Ming ; the essence of moral is an interaction of man and heaven in a process of moral practice.