尼罗河灌溉工程与古埃及的国家治理——兼论古埃及文明的形成与社会形态

Nile River Irrigation Project and State Governance in Ancient Egypt:Also on the Formation and Social Form of Ancient Egyptian Civilization

古埃及是一个典型的以河流为中心的国家,水利灌溉在其农业发展中起着重要的作用。主要河流尼罗河的定期泛滥不仅对周边耕地进行了"自然灌溉",同时还给河流周边带来大量肥沃的土壤,为古埃及农业发展提供了得天独厚的条件。文章基于尼罗河自然灌溉和水利灌溉的思考,探究水利灌溉工程对古埃及经济社会所产生的一系列重大影响以及在农业生活中不可替代的作用。

Ancient Egypt is a typical state focused on river because irrigation plays a very important role in the agricultural development of this country. Periodic flooding of its major river Nile irrigates the cultivated lands close to it and brings a lot of fertile soil there, which creates exceptionally good conditions for agricultural development in Ancient Egypt. This paper studies the natural irrigation and water conservancy irrigation along the Nile River,investigates the important influences of water conservancy irrigation on economy and society and its irreplaceable role in agricultural life.