5Brett,P. A Comparative Study of the Effects of the Use of Multimedia on Listening Comprehension [ J ]. System, 1997, 25,1.39 -53.
6Brown, G. , & Yule, G. Teaching the Spoken Language: An Approach Based on the Analysis of Conversational English [ M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1983.
7Chaudron, C. , and J.C. Richards. The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Comprehension of Lectures[J]. Applied Linguistics, 1986, 7,2 : 113 - 27.
8Cook, Vivian. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching[ M ]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press ,2000.
9Flowerdew, J. and Miller, L. Second Language Listening: Theory and Practice [ M ]. New York : Cambridge University Press ,2005.
10Hedge, Tricia. Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom[ M ]. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2002.
