施氮和接种根瘤菌对红壤旱地花生产量、氮素吸收利用及经济效益的影响

Effects of nitrogen application and rhizobial inoculation on peanut yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization and economic benefit in red soil upland

以花生品种粤油256为供试材料,采用田间随机区组试验,设置9个处理:不施氮肥(N_0)、50%施氮量(N50)、75%施氮量(N75)、100%施氮量(N100,即当地习惯施氮量135kg·hm^(-2))、125%施氮量(N_(125))、150%施氮量(N_(150))、50%施氮量+接种根瘤菌(N50+RI)、75%施氮量+接种根瘤菌(N75+RI)、100%施氮量+接种根瘤菌(N_(100)+RI),研究了施氮和接种根瘤菌对南方红壤旱地花生产量、氮素吸收利用及经济效益的影响。结果表明:适量施氮会促进花生生长,过量施氮会产生不利影响。单施氮肥的增产效果有限,增产幅度在9.8%~13.5%之间。施氮配合接种根瘤菌比相对应的单施氮肥处理增产0.7%~11.7%,当氮肥施用不足时(N50)接种根瘤菌的效果不明显,仅增产0.7%;氮肥施用适量时(N_(75)和N_(100))接种根瘤菌增产效果明显,分别增产11.4%和11.7%。本试验条件下以N75+RI处理,即施氮101.25kg·hm^(-2)配合接种根瘤菌的效果最佳,产量达到5 169.1kg·hm^(-2),比对照(N0)增产26.1%,还明显提高了花生各器官的含氮量、吸氮量、氮肥利用率和经济效益。施氮配合接种根瘤菌是提高我国南方红壤旱地花生产量和经济效益的有效措施,本研究可为该区域花生的高产高效种植、科学合理施肥提供理论依据。

In order to study the effects of nitrogen（ N） application and rhizobia inoculation on peanut yield,N uptake and utilization and economic benefit in red soil upland,peanut cultivar Yueyou 256 was used as the test material,a field randomized block experiment was carried out with 9 treatments,which were no N fertilizer（ N0）,50% N（ N50）,75% N（ N75）,100% N（N100,local traditional N application amount was 135kg·hm^-2）,125%N（ N125）,150% N（ N150）,50% N with rhizobia inoculation（ N50＋ RI）,75% N with rhizobia inoculation（ N75＋ RI）,and 100% N with rhizobia inoculation（ N100＋ RI）. Results showed that appropriate N application promoted growth of peanut,while excessive N would be adverse. Peanut yield increased 9.8%- 13. 5% under single N application,and reached maximum of 4 651. 0kg·hm- 2under N75 treatment. N application with rhizobia inoculation increased the yield by 0. 7%-11.7% compared with corresponding single N application treatment. When N supply was in shortage（ N50）,the effect of rhizobia inoculation was not obvious,and the yield slightly increased by0.7%. The yield increased 11. 4% and 11. 7% respectively,under N application of N75 and N100 with rhizobia inoculation. Under the condition of this experiment,the effect of N application 101. 25kg·hm^-2 with rhizobia inoculation was the best,its yield reached 5 169. 1kg·hm^-2,and it increased by 26. 1% compared with N_0 treatment.In addition,N content and uptake of peanut organ,N absorption efficiency of peanut,and the economic benefit were also improved significantly. In conclusion,appropriate N application with rhizobia inoculation was effective in increasing peanut yield and economic benefit. This research could provide theoretical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation,scientific and rational fertilization of peanut in red soil upland in South China.