政府作用与金融普惠:国际经验及中国改革取向

Role of the state In financial inclusion: international experience and China's reform orientation

基于相关文献,从理论和国际实践视角,回顾和述评了推进普惠金融中政府的作用和角色定位,以及普惠金融政策框架,认为政府在金融普惠中具有重要作用,但不能取代或过度干预市场,应发展市场友好型普惠金融体系,兼顾金融稳定与金融普惠双重政策目标,制定实施普惠金融战略,实施一揽子改革计划,确定恰当的政策领域等。进而对中国的金融普惠政策与普惠导向的农村金融供给侧改革进行简要分析,指出:金融普惠需要协调政府与市场的关系,尽快制定实施金融普惠战略;适度降低农村金融组织准入门槛,发展合作金融;减少利率管制;对农村金融机构或服务给予税收优惠或费用补贴、风险补偿;完善金融基础设施;将金融普惠政策与扶贫政策、农业政策相结合。

The literature on the role of government in financial inclusion and public policies are reviewed. The main points are summarized as follows. Government is one important party in inclusive financial system development, and could employ market- friendly activist policies rather than market-substituting policies. The state should give compatible consideration to financial inclusion and financial stability, and should enact and carry out national financial inclusion strategies. Policies could be focus on financial consumer protection, financial education, microfinance supervision, SMEs and rural finance promotion, etc. Meanwhile financial policy choice for an efficient and inclusive financial system in rural China is elaborated. The policies include making pro poor financial institutions such as financial cooperatives and self-help groups to entry, deregulation for interest rate, tax preference, fee subside, or risk compensation for rural financial institutions, and strengthening the financial infrastructure, etc.