2011—2015年云南省野生蕈中毒分析

Epidemiological analysis on the wild mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province during 2011-2015

目的了解2011—2015年云南省野生蕈中毒事件的发生趋势和流行病学特征,为制定野生蕈中毒防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2011—2015年通过国家＂食源性疾病暴发监测系统＂上报的食用野生蕈中毒事件进行整理分析。结果 2011—2015年云南省通过国家＂食源性疾病暴发监测系统＂共报告野生蕈中毒事件868起,中毒3 789人,死亡126人,病死率为3.3%,分别占同期云南省食物中毒事件相应统计项总数的57.9%（868/1 498）、25.1%（3 789/15 093）、57.3%（126/220）。其中2015年中毒事件报告数、中毒人数、死亡人数均为最多,分别占5年总报告数的43.0%（373/868）、41.4%（1 570/3 789）和26.2%（33/126）;6-8月为报告中毒起数、中毒人数和死亡人数的高峰,分别占总报告数的87.8%（762/868）、86.1%（3 262/3 789）和87.3%（110/126）;报告起数和中毒人数居前三位的州市为楚雄、文山和玉溪,报告死亡人数居前三位的州市为文山、临沧和昭通;农村野生蕈中毒危害水平高于城镇,中毒起数占67.7%（588/868）,中毒人数占64.1%（2 429/3 789）,死亡人数占85.7%（108/126）;家庭是野生蕈中毒高发的场所,中毒起数、中毒人数、死亡人数分别占5年总报告数的92.1%（799/868）、86.0%（3 258/3 789）和93.6%（118/126）;误食误用和加工不当是引发野生蕈中毒的主要因素,由于误食误用和加工不当引发中毒的事件分别占53.6%（465/868）和45.3%（393/868）、中毒人数分别占54.7%（2 074/3 789）和44.4%（1 681/3 789）、死亡人数分别占82.5%（104/126）和16.7%（21/126）。结论野生蕈中毒是云南省危害较为严重的公共卫生事件,应采取有效措施对高发季节、高发地区、高发场所进行重点监测和管理。加强野生蕈中毒的相关研究和事件调查处置,做好野生蕈相关科普宣传等,是预防和控制野生蕈中毒事件的有效措施。

Objective To find out the trend and epidemiological distribution of the wild mushroom poisoning, so as to provide scientific basis for disease control and prevention, accounting for 57.9% （868/1 498） , 25.1% （3 789/15 093） and 57.3% （126/220） of the total numbers. Methods Analyze the data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2011-2015 in Yunnan Province. Results A total of 868 events, 3 789 cases and 126 deaths of wild mushroom poisoning were recorded by the national foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2011-2015 in Yunnan Province. The largest numbers of poisoning events, cases and deaths were reported in 2015, accounting for 43.0% （373/ 868） , 41.4% （ 1 570/3 789） and 26.2% （33/126） of the total numbers. Most of the wild mushroom poisonings was reported during June-August, accounting for 87.8% （762/868）, 86. 1% （3 262/3 789） and 87.3% （110/126） of the total numbers. The highest number of wild mushroom poisoning events, cases and deaths was occurred in rural area and households, accounting for 92.1% （799/868）, 86.0% （3 258/3 789） and 93.6% （118/126） of the total numbers. Eating by mistake and inappropriate processing were the main course of poisoning events. 53.6% （465/868） events, 54.7% （2 074/3 789） cases and 82. 5% （104/126） deaths happened due to eating by mistake. 45.3% （393/868） events, 44. 4% （1 681/3 789） cases and 16.7% （21/126） deaths caused by inappropriate processing. Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning is a serious public health concern in Yunnan Province, and appropriate countermeasures shouldbe taken. The effective measures includes further research and health education.