摘要
目的了解2011—2015年云南省野生蕈中毒事件的发生趋势和流行病学特征,为制定野生蕈中毒防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2011—2015年通过国家"食源性疾病暴发监测系统"上报的食用野生蕈中毒事件进行整理分析。结果 2011—2015年云南省通过国家"食源性疾病暴发监测系统"共报告野生蕈中毒事件868起,中毒3 789人,死亡126人,病死率为3.3%,分别占同期云南省食物中毒事件相应统计项总数的57.9%(868/1 498)、25.1%(3 789/15 093)、57.3%(126/220)。其中2015年中毒事件报告数、中毒人数、死亡人数均为最多,分别占5年总报告数的43.0%(373/868)、41.4%(1 570/3 789)和26.2%(33/126);6-8月为报告中毒起数、中毒人数和死亡人数的高峰,分别占总报告数的87.8%(762/868)、86.1%(3 262/3 789)和87.3%(110/126);报告起数和中毒人数居前三位的州市为楚雄、文山和玉溪,报告死亡人数居前三位的州市为文山、临沧和昭通;农村野生蕈中毒危害水平高于城镇,中毒起数占67.7%(588/868),中毒人数占64.1%(2 429/3 789),死亡人数占85.7%(108/126);家庭是野生蕈中毒高发的场所,中毒起数、中毒人数、死亡人数分别占5年总报告数的92.1%(799/868)、86.0%(3 258/3 789)和93.6%(118/126);误食误用和加工不当是引发野生蕈中毒的主要因素,由于误食误用和加工不当引发中毒的事件分别占53.6%(465/868)和45.3%(393/868)、中毒人数分别占54.7%(2 074/3 789)和44.4%(1 681/3 789)、死亡人数分别占82.5%(104/126)和16.7%(21/126)。结论野生蕈中毒是云南省危害较为严重的公共卫生事件,应采取有效措施对高发季节、高发地区、高发场所进行重点监测和管理。加强野生蕈中毒的相关研究和事件调查处置,做好野生蕈相关科普宣传等,是预防和控制野生蕈中毒事件的有效措施。
Objective To find out the trend and epidemiological distribution of the wild mushroom poisoning, so as to provide scientific basis for disease control and prevention, accounting for 57.9% (868/1 498) , 25.1% (3 789/15 093) and 57.3% (126/220) of the total numbers. Methods Analyze the data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2011-2015 in Yunnan Province. Results A total of 868 events, 3 789 cases and 126 deaths of wild mushroom poisoning were recorded by the national foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2011-2015 in Yunnan Province. The largest numbers of poisoning events, cases and deaths were reported in 2015, accounting for 43.0% (373/ 868) , 41.4% ( 1 570/3 789) and 26.2% (33/126) of the total numbers. Most of the wild mushroom poisonings was reported during June-August, accounting for 87.8% (762/868), 86. 1% (3 262/3 789) and 87.3% (110/126) of the total numbers. The highest number of wild mushroom poisoning events, cases and deaths was occurred in rural area and households, accounting for 92.1% (799/868), 86.0% (3 258/3 789) and 93.6% (118/126) of the total numbers. Eating by mistake and inappropriate processing were the main course of poisoning events. 53.6% (465/868) events, 54.7% (2 074/3 789) cases and 82. 5% (104/126) deaths happened due to eating by mistake. 45.3% (393/868) events, 44. 4% (1 681/3 789) cases and 16.7% (21/126) deaths caused by inappropriate processing. Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning is a serious public health concern in Yunnan Province, and appropriate countermeasures shouldbe taken. The effective measures includes further research and health education.
出处
《中国食品卫生杂志》
2016年第4期431-435,共5页
Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene
关键词
野生蕈
食物中毒
流行病学
监测
食品安全
分布
特征
云南
Wild mushroom
food poisoning
epidemiology
surveillance
food safety
distribution
characteristics
Yunnan