黑龙江省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节中沙门菌调查

Investigation on contamination of Salmonella from broiler cultivation,slaughter and processing in Heilongjiang Province

目的了解黑龙江省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节中沙门菌污染状况。方法根据国家食品安全风险监测专项《肉鸡养殖及屠宰加工环节沙门氏菌专项监测工作手册》规定的操作程序,并参考国家标准GB 4789.4—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对黑龙江省4个地市3 766份肉鸡样品进行检验。结果 4大环节共检测样品3 766份,检出阳性样品339份,检出率为9.00%,孵化、养殖、屠宰到配送分销4个环节均检出沙门菌,检出率分别为2.82%(22/781)、2.14%(11/515)、13.84%(220/1 590)、9.77%(86/880)。其中,屠宰环节的8种样品中预冷池水样品沙门菌检出率最高,为35.42%(34/96)。检出的沙门菌分属于9个血清型,以肠炎沙门菌和印地安纳沙门菌的比例最高。结论黑龙江省肉鸡屠宰和配送分销环节中沙门菌污染较严重。屠宰环节阳性率最高,是重要的污染环节,其中预冷池水中沙门菌检出率最高,是屠宰过程中肉鸡污染沙门菌的主要环节。

Objective In order to understand the contamination status of Salmonella from broiler cultivation, slaughter and processing in Heilongjiang Province. Methods According to the monitoring manual of Salmonella from broiler cultivation, slaughter and processing, and referring to the national food safety standard, Food Microbiological Examination Salmonella （GB 4789.4-2010） , 3 766 samples collected from broiler cultivation, slaughter and processing in four cities were detected. Results 339 strains were isolated from 3 766 samples and the positive rate was 9.00% （339/3 766）. The positive rate of strains isolated from cultivation, slaughter, processing and distribution was 2.82% （22/781） , 2.14% （11/515） , 13.84% （220/1 590） and 9.77% （86/880） , respectively. Among the 8 sections in slaughter process, precooled water was contaminated with the highest positive rate of 35.42% （34/96）. The detected Salmonella included 9 serotypes, mainly Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella indiana. Conclusion The contamination of Salmonella in slaughter and distribution process was severe in Heilongjiang Province. The slaughter process was the key point of contamination and the precooled water was the most contaminated section in slaughter process.