2014年我国煤矿事故统计与规律分析

Statistics analysis for regularity of coal mine accidents in China for the year of 2014

为了更深入地研究我国煤矿事故的一般性规律,基于2014年我国煤矿事故数据,采用数理统计的方法对煤矿百万t死亡率、事故区域、类型、月份、时间段、诱因6个维度进行了研究。结果表明:湖南省、重庆市煤矿事故发生频率较高,贵州省瓦斯事故发生频率较高;瓦斯事故、顶板事故是导致人员伤亡的主要事故类型,瓦斯爆炸是煤矿瓦斯事故的主要类型;8月煤矿事故情况较为严重;10:00―11:59是煤矿事故频发时间;违章作业是导致煤矿事故发生的主要诱因。同时,针对煤矿事故发生规律提出了相应的对策措施。

Based on the data statistics of the coal mine accidents in China for the year of 2014,the paper is oriented to make a further research into the behind-scene deep-level regularity of the coal mine accidents in the country. In this paper,we have adopted not only a great variety of charts but also the statistics methods with the aid of SPSS 22. 0 statistical software for analyzing the dimensions of the death rate per million-ton coal production,the accident locations,types,times as well as the causes of the said accidents. The results we have gained in this paper indicate that the frequency of coal mine accidents turns out to be higher in Hunan Province and Chongqing municipality,while that of gas exploitation accidents in Guizhou province tends to be rather high. What is more,the gas accidents and roof-collapse accidents prove to be the main types of accidents causing the minors ＇ casualties,of which the gas explosion of coal mines accounts for the main types of coal-gas disasters with their consequence being more serious than the accidents of coal and gas outbursts,poisoning and suffocation. On the other hand,in terms of seasonal disaster-incidence,August seems to be the season accounting for the highest rate of coal mining accidents,whereas the accident status-in-situ turns to be relatively serious in the following five months,that is,March,April,June,July and November. And,in terms of a dayhour of the disaster incidence,10： 00-11： 59 and 14： 00-14： 59 seem to be the most probable hours accounting for the higher rates of such disasters. So far as the causes or reasons for such disasters,mindless or irregular（ or illegal） manners of operation should account for a great more of coal mine accidents,especially,the risk-taking violent operations,or illegal instructions,illegal mining activities,with some kinds of geological factors,which should have been paid more necessary attention to. And,finally,some corresponding countermeasures that should have been taken for reducing the aforementioned coal mine accidents are to be brought about so as to be able to prevent from such accidents in addition to strengthening the necessary strict supervision and management. In addition,more advanced scientific safety management regulations should be established on the database of coal mine safety production and full use of information systems has to be strictly enhanced to meet the demands of up-to-date management and control in coal mining and gas exploitation.