基于碳平衡的城乡生态补偿长效机制研究——以北京市为例

Long-Term Mechanism of Urban-Rural Ecological Compensation Based on Carbon Balance: A Case Study of Beijing

城乡生态补偿对于促进城乡统筹发展、保障城乡生态建设和生态安全具有重要意义。从碳平衡角度探讨城市和乡村之间的生态关系,建立碳平衡的生态补偿计算方法,并以北京市为例,计算了2005~2012年城市和乡村的碳排放、碳吸收,说明了乡村地区碳吸收的生态贡献,提出了城乡生态补偿长效机制构建思路。研究指出：北京城市地区为碳源,碳赤字巨大;乡村地区为碳汇,平均每年净碳吸收量达133.6×10~4t;按照单位碳价格100CNY/t计算,乡村地区每年应获得补偿1.336亿元。研究提出应尽快完善生态补偿顶层设计,构建基于村级单元的城乡碳平衡数据库,完善生态补偿财政政策,设立生态补偿财政转移支付资金,加快建立城乡生态补偿长效机制,有效促进城乡生态统筹发展。

Urban and rural ecological compensation can promote urban and rural harmonious development, and it has important significance for ensuring urban and rural ecological construction and security. Based on the perspective of carbon balance, this paper seeks the ecological relationship between urban and rural, establishes carbon balance calculation method of ecological compensation. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper calculates the carbon emission and carbon sequestration of urban and rural from 2005 to 2012, explains the ecological contribution of rural carbon sequestration, puts forward the construction thinking of long-term mechanism about urban-rural ecological compensation. The results indicate that urban areas are the carbon source, but carbon deficit is huge. Rural areas are the carbon sink, the average annual net Carbon sequestration is 1.336 million tons. According to the carbon price of 100 yuan/ton, rural areas should be compensated 133.6 million yuan. On this basis, the countermeasures and suggestions for urban-rural ecological compensation were put forward, top-level design of ecological compensation and it＇s fiscal policy should be improved, and we construct urban- rural carbon balance database based on village level, establish financial transfer payment funds for ecological compensation, and accelerate the establishment long-term mechanism for urban- rural ecological compensation, in order to effectively promote the development of urban and rural ecological harmonious development.