原核微生物基因敲除策略的研究进展

Research progress on the knockout techniques of prokaryotic microorganisms

基因敲除是一项20世纪80年代末发展起来的新型分子生物学技术,在微生物领域的机制和功能研究中,具有极其重要的意义。经过数十年的发展,基因敲除技术从最传统的同源重组策略发展出λRed重组系统、Crelox P重组系统等方法,近年又诞生了成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列/Cas9等基于核酸内切酶原理的高效打靶技术,将微生物基因功能研究推向新的高度和方向。本文就这些应用于原核微生物的基因敲除策略的原理、现状和前景等研究进展作一综述。

Gene knockout is a new molecular technique that developed in 1980s which has plays crucial roles in the microbiology functional and basic research. Through the development of several decades, gene knockout technique has been evolved from traditional homogenous recombination to λRed recombination and Cre-loxP system. Recently, the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system has been thought to be a very promising methods for microbiology manipulation for its＇ convenience and effectiveness based on the activity of endonuclease. This review will focus on the gene deletion technique that has been applied in the microbiology research from the mechanism, application and prospect.